
【中文摘要】猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PPV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV-2)是当前影响养猪业发展的3种重要的病原。由于PPV、PRV、PCV-2单独感染或混合感染均能引起猪发病,造成母猪的繁殖障碍或(和)感染猪的免疫抑制,为其他病原的继发感染提供了便利,甚至会造成猪群中疫病的流行,使养殖效益蒙受损失。聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)具有快速、敏感、特异等优点,自发明以来在病原的特异性检测方面表现出明显的优势,在动物疫病诊断和病原检测上也得到广泛地应用,对疫病防控起到了重要的作用。由于当前养猪业中猪群中多种病原混合感染病例的增多,单一病原PCR检测方法也表现出自身的不足,需要对一种病料进行多次PCR检测,使得检测时间延长,耗费人力,成本也高。多重PCR不仅保持了普通PCR敏感性高和特异性强的优点,而且还具有一个PCR反应就同时检测多种病原,具有简便、快捷、灵敏等优点,能满足生产上同时对多种疾病进行快速诊断的要求。本研究基于前期对陕西省部分养殖企业猪群中病毒性病原的调查检测,发现常有PPV、PRV和PCV-2的单纯或混合感染,为此我们拟建立PPV、PRV和PCV-2检测的多重PCR方法,以期为生产中这3种病原的快速检测提供可用方法。本研究获得了以下结果:(1)根据GenBank中已经发表的PPV、PRV和PCV-2的全基因序列,利用DNAStar和Oligo6.0软件,针对病毒的保守性基因序列,分别设计了检测引物,通过对引物浓度、退火温度、PCR组分等条件的优化建立起鉴别PPV、PRV和PCV-2多重PCR方法,方法敏感性试验表明,PRV、PCV-2在多重PCR反应中的敏感性到达pg级,而PRV在多重PCR反应中的敏感性少了一个数量级,其最低检测量也达到了10pg级。以PCV-1、牛病毒性腹泻病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖障碍与呼吸综合征病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、大肠埃希菌、PPV、PRV、PCV-2为模板分别进行多重PCR检测,结果表明只有PPV、PRV和PCV-2多重PCR及单个病毒的PCR均扩增出各自的特异性条带。(2)用建立的方法对采自陕西省部分猪场的286份病料及血样进行病毒检测,从临床健康猪全血样品中PPV、PRV和PCV-2的检测结果来看,PCV-2在正常猪群中有一定比例的存在,同时在个别猪场也存在PRV和PCV-2双重感染的现象;从临床患病猪病料中进行检测发现,PRV和PCV-2混合感染较严重,并有PPV+PRV+PCV-2三重感染发生;多重PCR检测结果与单项PCR检测结果的符合率达99%以上,说明建立的多重PCR检测方法可用于临床样品的检测,为这3种疫病的诊断提供依据。
【英文摘要】Porcine parvovirus , porcine pseudorabies and porcine circovirus are three main threat to the development of swine-breeding industry.Beacause sigle or mixed infection of the three virus both can cause diseases which can give rise to reproductive failure or(and) immunosuppression, it provides a convenient chance for secondary infection by other pathogens and enven causes epidemic diseases in pigs wich can lead to tremendous economic losses ,and may arise public health problems. PCR with rapid,specific and sensitive advantages exhibits obvious preponderance in specificit detection of infectious agents in animals since it was invent.And it is applied widely in animal disease diagnosis and pathogen detection which has made important contributions to disease prevention and control. At present,the cases of mixed infection of pathogen are increasing,and common分子molecular detection of pathogen has show its own shortage of time consuming ,high cost and labour power when we need detect one specimen repeatedly.Mutiplex PCR not only preserve advantages of routine PCR,but also owns advantages of convenience shortcut and sensitiveness which meet the need of fast diagonosis for multiple diseases in production.We found that sigle or mixed infection of PPV、PRV and PCV-2 is common in the course for the survey of viral pathogen in some breeding enterprises in this research.So we plan to establish the mutiplex PCR for detection of PPV、PRV and PCV-2,in purpose for providing fast detection of the three pathogens an available method .(1)Specific primers for DNA viruses, namely, porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2),were synthesized according to the published virus conserved gene sequence of PPV, PRV and PCV-2 in GenBank and used by DNAStar and Oligo 6.0 software . We establish a mutiplex PCR method for the detection of PPV, PRV and PCV-2 by optimizing concentration of primers,annealing temperature and component of PCR.Sensibility test shows that the susceptibility of PRV and PCV-2 reach the level of pg.With PCV-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, Escherichia coli, PPV, PRV, PCV-2 as a template for multiple PCR were detected,the results show that the only PPV, PRV and PCV-2 virus in a single or multiplex PCR were amplified by their specific band.(2)The blood samples collected from 286 pig farms in Shaanxi Province were viral detection by this method. Clinically healthy pigs from a blood sample PPV, PRV and PCV-2 test results indict that PCV-2 in normal pigs have a certain percentage of presence, meanwhile several farms also exist the phenomenon of the PRV and PCV-2 dual infection.Swine from the clinical illness were detected compound, It was serous of PRV+PCV-2 combined infection in diseased pigs,and PPV+PRV+PCV-2 combined infection also were detected in diseased pigs. The coincidence rate of multiplex PCR test and single PCR test is more than 99%, illutstrating that The developed novel multiplex PCR will be a tool used for the detection of clinical samples for diagnosis reference.
【关键词】猪细小病毒 伪狂犬病病毒 猪圆环病毒2型 多重PCR
【英文关键词】Porcine parvovirus(PPV) Pseudorabies virus(PRV) Porcine circovirus type 2 multiplex PCR(mPCR)
【目录】猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用摘要6-8ABSTRACT8-9文献综述12-31第一章 猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型检测方法研究进展12-261.1 猪细小病毒12-191.1.1 概述12-131.1.2 猪细小病毒的特性13-141.1.3 猪细小病毒病流行情况14-151.1.4 PPV 的检测方法研究15-191.2 伪狂犬病病毒19-221.2.1 概述191.2.2 伪狂犬病病毒的特性19-201.2.3 伪狂犬病流行情况201.2.4 伪狂犬病病毒检测方法20-221.3 猪圆环病毒22-261.3.1 概述22-231.3.2 猪圆环病毒的特性231.3.3 猪圆环病毒检测方法23-26第二章 聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术在动物病原检测上的应用26-312.1 PCR 技术概述26-272.1.1 PCR 技术262.1.2 PCR 技术的发展26-272.2 主要的PCR 技术27-312.2.1 常规PCR272.2.2 套式PCR(nested PCR)272.2.3 二温式PCR27-282.2.4 反转录PCR (RT PCR)282.2.5 反转录一复合套式聚合酶链反应282.2.6 反向PCR282.2.7 竞争PCR (compete PCR)28-292.2.8 标记PCR (LP-PCR)292.2.9 定量PCR292.2.10 玻片PCR (Slide-PCR29-302.2.11 多重PCR(Multiplex PCR)30-31试验研究31-45第三章 猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2 型 PCR 检测方法的建立31-383.1 材料与方法31-333.1.1 主要试剂313.1.2 毒株、菌株和细胞31-323.1.3 引物设计323.1.4 病毒DNA 的提取323.1.5 PCR 反应32-333.1.6 PCR 反应条件的优化333.1.7 PCR 产物的测序分析333.1.8 PCR 反应的敏感性和特异性分析333.2 结果33-363.2.1 最佳PCR 退火温度的确定33-343.2.2 PCR 反应最佳引物体浓度的确定343.2.3 PCR 产物的鉴定343.2.4 PCR 反应的敏感性34-363.2.5 PCR 反应的特异性试验和重复性试验363.3 讨论36-38第四章 PPV , PRV和PCV 2多重PCR检测方法的建立与临床样品检测分析38-454.1 材料与方法38-394.1.1 主要试剂384.1.2 毒株、菌株、细胞384.1.3 临床样品及病料的采集384.1.4 多重PCR 反应条件的优化384.1.5 样品检测38-394.2 结果39-424.2.1 两重PCR 反应条件的优化39-404.2.2 多重PCR 的建立40-414.2.3 样品检测41-424.3 讨论42-45结论45-46参考文献46-56致谢56-57作者简介57
