
(一)情态动词的定义: 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
(二)情态动词的特点
1. 情态动词有一定的词义。
2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语,它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。
3. 情态动词没有人称,数的变化。
(三)情态动词的结构和意义
1.情态动词的基本句型
⏹肯定句: 主语+情态动词+动词原形+......
⏹否定句: 主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+......
⏹疑问句: 情态动词+主语+动词原形+......
2. 情态动词的意义
must“必须” ; can/could“能,会” ; may/might “可以”; should“应该”; would“愿,要” ; have to“不得不” ; need“需要”
(四)情态动词的基本用法
1.can (could主要指过去时间 )
1)表示人或物本身所具有的能力,意为“能,能够,会” :
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
3)表示允许:
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4)表示对现在动作或状态的猜测,主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中:
He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
5)could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?
can 和be able to的用法比较
(1)主语都可用来表示“有能力”, be able to强调通过努力而做到的。
A deer can / is able to run very fast.
(2)be able to 可以表示“在过去某人能够做某事且做到了”。
All the people were able to run out of building from the big fire.
2. may (might)
1)表允许,询问或说明一件事可不可以做,might指过去时间;但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间,语气比may更委婉。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?
肯定回答:may,或Yes, please. / Certainly./Sure./Of course.
否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分:must not(mustn’t)(禁止)/ had better not(最好别)/ may not(不行)
2) may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定。might可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure. 他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。
3. must(have to表示客观需要)
1)表示 “必须”(主观看法)时,用于肯定句或疑问句;用于否定句时表示“禁止”。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
3)must的疑问句,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
4.shall
1)在疑问句中用于征求对方意见,主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中,也用于第三人称),其意为“要不要”、“…好吗”:
Shall I get you a chair for you? 要不要我给你拿把椅子来?
2)在陈述句表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等,主要用于第二、三人称: You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
That day shall come.那一天一定会来。(表必然性)
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 告诉他这本书明天给他。(表允诺)
【注】有时用于第一人称,表示决心:
I shall return. 我一定回来。(表示决心)
5.should
1)表责任或义务,意为“应该”,用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。
6.will
1)表意愿,用于各种人称。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
2)will在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求
Will you close the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗?
7.would
1)will的过去式,表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”。
I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2)would用于现在时间,表示比较委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?
8.need
1)need作为情态动词,主要用于否定句疑问句;作为实义动词可用于肯定句,否定句或疑问句中。
You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。
2)回答由need引起的问句时,肯定回答一般用must,否定回答是用needn’t
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。
情态动词练习题
( ) 1. John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
( ) 2 .They ___ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to
( ) 3. -May I take this book out? -No, you___.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
( ) 4. You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can B. must C. dare D. would
( ) 5. -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
( ) 6. -He___ be in the classroom, I think.
-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
( ) 7. -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? -Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.
A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't
( ) 8. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very
difficult.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
( ) 9. He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can B. shall C. must D. has to
( )10. ___ I take this one?
A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do
( ) 11. The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
( ) 12. You ___ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to
( ) 13. -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you___.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not
( ) 14. His arm is all right. He___ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to
( )15. He had to give up the plan, ___ he?
A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't
( ) 16. They had to walk here, ___ they?
A. mustn't B. did C. didn't D. hadn't
( ) 17. He had better stay here, ___ he?
A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't
( )18. You'd better___late next time.
A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be
( )19. You'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.
A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted
( ) 20. You___ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.
A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not
( ) 21. -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? -___.
A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try
( ) 22. -Why don't you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks, ___.
A. I will B. I won't C. lean D. I may
( ) 23. -___ I take the newspaper away? -No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.
A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must
( ) 24. Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must
( ) 25. ___ you like to have another try?
A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do
( ) 26. -Would you like to go boating with us?-Yes, ___.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
( ) 27. You___ worry about your son. He will get well soon.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to
( ) 2 8.The poor man needs our help, ___ he?
A. need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't
( ) 29. -Must we do our homework first? -No, you___. You may have a rest first.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't
( )30.. –I was told to be here before eight.
--Oh, you ____. I’m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.
A. must B. can’t C. may D. needn’t
( )31. You ____ write the poem down. Our teacher will give us a copy.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
( )32. We ____ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.
A. may B. should C. can D. need
( )33. Mrs. Green ____ go to hospital, but now she is in good health.
A. has to B. needs to C. used to D. ought to
( )34. –Will you answer the phone? It ____ be your mother.
--Sorry, I ____. I’m busy.
A. can, mustn’t B. will, can’t C. may, can’t D. need, will
( )35. There is somebody at the door. ____ I go and see who it is?
A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Would
