
中國科技大學獎助教師舉辦校內研習紀錄
| 申請編號 | |||
| 研習會名稱 | 2006績效評估研討會 | ||
| 簽 到 處 | |||
| 詳如簽到表 | |||
| 研 習 紀 錄 | ||
| 一、績效標竿分析之介紹與應用--資料包絡分析法 (一)資料包絡分析法DEA簡介 資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)是1978年由Charnes,Coper and Rhodes所發展,故稱之為CCR模式。該模型是根據Ferrell(1957)所提出「兩投入一產出」的概念推廣至「多投入多產出」的概念推廣至「多投入多產出」,利用數學規劃模式求取決策單位之相對效率,以適合現代複雜的生產程序之評估。 DEA是一種線性規劃的技巧,先找出決策單位(decision-making units ; DMU)中相對最有效率者,構成效率前緣(efficiency frontier),即為效率生產邊界(efficiency production frontier),再決定相對無效率者其無效率程度,而相對無效率者與效率邊界之距離即是無效率程度。 (二)CCR模式:固定規模報酬(CRS) CCR模式是由 Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes(1978)所發展出來的,其觀念參考farrell(1975)的無參數生產前緣,將呆單一產出,多項投入之情況,推廣至多項產出,多項投入之整體效率衡量。CCR模型是假設在固定規模報酬下(constant return to scale),將DMU的所有產出項加權總合,以代表其相對效率值,並利用分數線性規劃求解,在所有DMU效率值均小於或等於1的條件下,當效率值為1,表示為相對有效率單位;小於1時,表示為相對無效率。 (三)BCC模式:變動規模報酬(VRS) CCR模式是假設固定規模報酬下各決策單位的相對效率,事實上,規模報酬可能遞增或遞減,故整體效率(AE)可能有部分來自於運作規模的不當。因此,為研究技術無效率形成的原因,Banker、Charnes及Cooper(1984)提出BCC模式,修正了CCR模式的觀念及使用範圍,其概念對生產可能集合(Production Possibility Set)作一些假定,再引進Shephard的距離函數(Distance Function)觀念,導出與CCR相同的模式,再經過生產可能集合假設,推導出純粹技術效率(PTE)及規模效率(SE)。BCC模式對CCR另加了一個條件,使DMU在生產函數上之參考點必須是有效率之凸性組合(Convex Combination)。 (四)資料包絡分析法的特性 DEA模式之評估具有以下之特性: (1)可同時處理多項投入、多項產出的評估問題。 (2) 單位不變性(units invariance) 。 (3) 權重之決定不受人為主觀因素的影響。 (4) 可導出單一綜合指標來衡量效率。 (5) 可同時處理不同環境下(即受評估單位的外在環境變數)決策單位之效率。 (6) 由差額變數分析、虛擬乘數分析、敏感度分析與效率分析:能進一步了解各單位使用資源的狀況,作為管理者經營決策之參考。 | ||
| (五)DEA模式之使用 (1) DEA可以針對多投入與多產出進行分析,而且是一個無參數(non-parametric)分析法,因此對其投入與產出因素相當的敏感,所以對於其投入與產出項之決定必須相當嚴謹,選出合適的評估項目。 (2) DEA雖然可評估效率與無效率之差別,但卻沒有考量到測量誤差(measurement error)或是深入探討誤差項,因此對於無效率產生之原因,無法DEA分析得之,仍需進一步探查分析方可確定。 (3) DEA所求之效率為相對效率,為所有評估DMU相互比較而來,因此DEA模型中所採用的投入、產出與DMU之個數,都會影響到DEA效率值的分析。DEA效率值會隨著DMU個數之增加,而呈現非遞增或下降的的變化趨勢,如果增加投入或產出項則會使DEA降低其效率鑑別力(discriminating power),因此Banker、Charnes和Cooper建議DMU的個數應為投入與產出項目和的二倍以上。 (六)資料包絡分析法之應用程序 1.投入與產出指標之選取 2.選取適合的DEA模式 3.評估結果與分析 (七)金控公司經營效率分析 1.大金控公司比小金控公司一般而言較有效率。 2.以保險為主體的金控公司平均經營表現比銀行及證券為主體的金控公司更好。 3.小金控公司更容易成為標竿,大金控公司被認為是競爭的對手。 4.為達經濟規模台灣金控公司可考慮合併或購併。 二、The Impact of Taiwan Quality Indicator Project (TQIP) on Health Care-Evidence from Taiwan The Taiwan Quality Indicator Project (TQIP) is an evaluation project to measure and monitor the health care quality in Taiwan by medical outcome and clinical indices. We examined the operating efficiencies of hospitals joining the TQIP in two stages. The first stage was an efficiency analysis, applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, focused on TQIP impact on the efficiency of these hospitals, and on the differences between the public and private hospitals in the sample. The second stage was to analyze changes in the productivity and quality indices, as measured by the Malmquist Productivity Index We sampled 31 TQIP hospitals and found that all the operating efficiency promoted following the participation of TQIP. The private hospitals outperform better than public hospitals. There were demonstrable productivity and quality improvement consequences by the third year. This finding was consistent with international assessment practices which have revealed that TQIP take two years to present its effects. Our results indicate that TQIP private hospitals outperform their TQIP public counterparts on the quality change scale. In contrast, in terms of the efficiency change scale, TQIP public hospitals show greater enhancement than TQIP private hospitals. The majority of TQIP hospitals exhibit improvements in both quality and productivity. | ||
| Similar to health care reform, the TQIP aims to promote overall health care quality. The purpose of our study was to explore the impact of TQIP on operating efficiency and health care quality. We sampled 31 hospitals that had joined TQIP and examined their operating efficiencies in two stages. The first stage was an efficiency analysis, applying the DEA model, focused on TQIP impact on the efficiency of these hospitals, and on the differences between the public and private hospitals in the sample. The second stage was to analyze the changes in the productivity and quality indices, as measured by the Malmquist Productivity Index. In terms of operating efficiency performance, regardless of whether we add the quality variables in or not, all the TQIP hospitals, all post-TQIP operating efficiency performances are better than pre-TQIP operating efficiency performances. The private hospitals outperform better than public hospitals which is consistent with past researches. Our study results find that the efficiency and quality should improve concurrently after TQIP participation, which coincides with TQM. The operating efficiency can be enhanced without any quality sacrifice. For TQIP hospitals, the productivity and quality improvement take effect at the third year which matches the IQIP anticipation. In terms of quality change scales, private hospitals outperform public hospitals. In contrast, regarding efficiency change scales, the public hospitals surpass their private counterparts. According to the results of sampled TQIP hospitals concerning the relationship between health care quality and efficiency, the health care quality improvement should keep on progressing. In the face of the growing demand for quality health care and despite the increasing costs of health care, the health care quality needs to be maintained and improved as well as the productivity. Improvement in health care quality requires transformation of time and input resources. A short-sighted health care system policy jeopardizes the overall efficiency of health care performance. A longitudinal study and alternative quality indicators may facilitate the future health care quality study. | ||
備註:一、研習紀錄請先上傳(教師系統-->教師研究-->學術活動-->上傳研習紀錄),連同獎助教師參加校外研習申請表,檢附結案報告一份,並經系科主任簽章後,送人事室核銷。 二、研習紀錄內容請打字,手稿恕不收件。 三、研習紀錄請務必詳實,切勿只填寫大綱。 四、請檢附研習相關資料影本。 | ||
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