一、针对事实细节进行推断,高考英语阅读相关提问方式有:
What can we learn/ know/ infer from…?
Why did the writer give up…?
It can be inferred from the text that…?
例(1):2008年全国卷II第52题,What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?
A. False statements are easy to see through.
B. Half-truths are often used to mislead people.
C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.
D. Advertisements are based on facts.
答案是B。 让我们先来看看原文:Advertisers(广告商)will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. 通过理解文章的第1-2句可知广告商有时使用“半真半假的陈词”来误导人们,就能推断出作者是在用Yucky Pill advertisement的例子来说明“半真半假的陈词”经常被用来误导人们的结论。
二、推断文中人物的性格、行为举止、心情处境等,高考英语阅读相关提问方式有:
The boys probably felt _______ when they drove off.
In the story , Tim’s mood ( 心情 ) changed from__________.
Which of the following best describes ……?
例(2):2008年浙江高考英语第58题。Which of the following best describes Matt Reck?
A. He is a kind-hearted man.
B. B. He is an impolite man.
C. He is an experienced gardener.
D. He is a man of social responsibility.
答案是D。 我们先来阅读有关Matt Reck的内容:Matt Reck, 37, is the kind of eco-conscious(有生态意识的)person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But on July 9, 2007, the HOA in Wake Forest, North Carolina, told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline. The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard. “Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters into their own hands,” says Reck. The local HOA has decided not to take any action, unless more neighbors come to them. 从以上段落可读出这些信息:Matt Reck是一个有生态意识的人,他用洗澡水养树,用从空调接来的水浇植物,在家中使用晾衣绳。尽管有邻居打电话到HOA表达对Reck家使用晾衣绳的不满,Reck一家对此致之不理仍就在院子里用晾衣绳晾衣。并且说:“许多人称他们是爱护环境的但却从不亲自采取行动。”综合以上信息可见Reck是一个实实在在的环保主义者,是一个把环保付诸行动的有社会责任心的人。
三、推测作者的态度、观点和意图,高考英语阅读相关提问方式有:
What was the writer’s attitude towards ….?
Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?
What does the author try to argue in the passage?
例(3):2008年浙江高考英语第54题。What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
答案是A。 我们先来读读文章的开头两个段落:For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evenings. There were little old ladies in gray sweaters, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. ‘Come on!” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. “You’ll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more.
文章的第一段作者对邻近街道上慢跑者的描述:有一段时间,我的邻近街道被一大群慢跑者占据,他们早晨,中午和晚上都在那里。有穿灰色运动衫的小老太太,穿Adidas运动鞋的年轻人和满面红光的中年人。“来吧!”我的朋友Alex鼓励我加入其中并说,“你会感觉很棒”。以及第二段第一句我没有任何理由反对感觉很棒,如果Alex能够每天坚持跑步,任何人都能做到。由此可知作者开始时想要试一试,想要找到那种“很棒的感觉”。
四、推断文章的结论,高考英语阅读相关提问方式有:
What can we conclude from Paragraph…?
From the passage, we can conclude that ______.
例(4):2008年浙江高考英语第55题。From the writer’s experience, we can conclude that_________.
A. not everyone enjoys jogging
B. he is the only person who hates jogging
C. nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D. jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport
答案是A。我们先来了解一下作者参加慢跑经历的一些描述文字:Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet take a real pounding (重击) running down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. ……
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. ……Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn’t just the first week; it was practically every day for two more months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn’t fun. ……
从以上材料特别是划线部分可知作者要表达的观点是:慢跑是一种高估了的锻炼方式,并且从离开慢跑的人数来判断,作者不是唯一拥有这种观点的人。然后再从事实的三个方面来说明作者为什么不喜欢慢跑这项运动。由此可知B(作者是唯一憎恨慢跑的人),C(只有慢跑能帮助人们保持健康),D(慢跑使得人们感觉比其他运动更棒)都是错误的。
五、预测题,高考英语阅读相关提问方式有:
What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?
What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
例(5):2005年江苏高考第75题: What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?
A. Further application of science to war.
B. More reading of William Shakespeare.
C. Proper use of science in the new century.
D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.
答案为C。原文第一段:The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
最后一段:William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities – science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?
从原文第一段可知全篇文章主要讲科学的发展给人类所带来的好与坏。文章的最后一段中提出了3个问题:科学一定是这样吗?好坏总是形影相随吗?我们生理上就编好了战争的程序吗?可见如果作者继续写仍就会写有关科学的内容,并且要能回答以上三个问题。所以C新世纪科学的正确运用是最佳答案。
推理判断题的解题思路与技巧:
第一,要求考生在阅读时,要抓住文章的主题和细节,分析文章结构,根据上下文内在联系,挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时,考生一定要仔细阅读短文,千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法,主观臆断。
第二,对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析,抓住材料实质性的东西。
第三,在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用扫描方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时,其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想,然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。