英语(四年级下)主要知识点整理
(例句都就是课本中原句)
1.祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议等得句子。祈使句不需要主语,
谓语动词用原形,句子末尾一般用感叹号。
eg: (1) Don’t walk on the grass! (否定祈使句)
(2)Let’s make a newspaper! (肯定祈使句)
2.一般现在时:经常发生得动作或状态 (常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/year, on Sundays 、、、连用)
(1) be动词得一般现在时:(比较简单)
I am, We/You/They are, He/She/It is,There is+单数名词或不可数名词, There are + 复数名词
eg: It’s not beautiful, but it’s helpful、
(2) 行为动词得一般现在时:(单数第三人称得变化就是重点、易错点; 助动词用do, don’t, does, doesn’t)
eg: (1)This machine cuts the potatoes、
(2) Does he live in New York?
(3) Fish live in the river and birds live in the tree、 (***注意fish单数与复数写法一样,这里fish前面没有a, 所以就是复数形式,后面接谓语动词要用原形。另外,Sheep与deer单复数也就是一样得形式)
3.一般过去时:表示过去发生得动作或状态(常与、、、ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/month, once upon a time, one day, the next day, in 2016、、、连用)
(1)be动词得一般过去时:
I/He/She/It was, We/You/They were, There was+单数名词或不可数名词, There were + 复数名词
eg:Once upon a time, there was a boy、 (讲故事常用说法)
(2)行为动词得一般过去时:(助动词用did, didn’t)
①一般动词变化:
构成法:1、动词原形+ed、如:look--looked
2.以e结尾得词+d、如:live--lived
3.以辅音字母+y结尾得词,改y为i, 再加ed、
如:study--studied, cry--cried、
4.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母得词,
双写这个辅音字母,再加ed、如: clap--clapped,
stop--stopped, prefer--preferred
②不规则动词变化:如had, said, put, saw, got, ran, learnt(英式写法), bought, came, took, went等
eg1: The animals had a concert last week、
eg2: The next day, the boy ran to the village again、
eg3: What did he play yesterday?
eg4: When did you get up last Sunday? I got up at 8 o’clock、
4.一般将来时:表示还没有发生但将要发生得事情或动作(常与tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year/month/week, soon, in the future, in 、、、 minutes/hours/days、、、连用 )
(1)Be going to+ 动词原形:多表示即将发生,最近打算、计划、安排好要做得事情,主观性较强 (区分人称,be动词变化am, is, are)
eg: She’s going to visit Australia、
(2)Will+动词原形:多表示即将发生得动作或状态,不受主观因素影
响得单纯得将来,客观性较强 (不区分人称,都用will)
(***目前小学阶段对这两种形式区分并不明显,可以互换使用)
eg: We will go to the zoo on Sunday、
5.现在进行时:表示正在进行或发生得动作 (常与now, at present, at this moment连用)
Be动词+动词得现在分词(***区分人称,注意动词得现在分词构成得特殊情况)
动词得现在分词构成法:
(1)一般规则:动词+ing, 如: work--working、
(2) 以e结尾得动词去掉e加ing、如: live--living, have--having、
(3) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母得词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ing、如: swim--swimming, clap--clapping, refer--referring、
(4) 以ie结尾得重读开音节得词,改ie为y, 再加ing、如: die--dying、
eg: (1) What’s happening now?
(2) Daming is making a card for his father、
(3)We are having a party、
6.购物相关话题:
(1)I want to buy a pen、
(2)It’s expensive/cheap、
(3)It costs one hundred and eighteen yuan、
(4)Who wants to buy it?
7.音乐演奏相关话题:(***演奏乐器前要加定冠词the )
(1)I played the piano yesterday、
(2)You’re playing the violin for your father、
(3)My mum and dad played in the concert、
(4)In the end, everyone clapped、
(***注意玩球类运动不能加定冠词the, eg:I played football yesterday、 )
8.时间相关话题:
(1)What’s the time now?
(2)What time is it now?
(3)It’s 2 o’clock、
(4)Is it breakfast/lunch/dinner time now?
(5)The Chinese cartoon Shaolin Kids is on TV at 8 o’clock、
9.方向相关话题:
(1)Where is the library?
(2)It’s in the north/south/west/east of China、
(3)I went to the north/south/west/east、
(4)Beijing is the capital of China、
10.原因相关话题:
(1)Why do fish live in the river?
(2)Because cats can’t live in the water、