短暂性动词 | 延续性动词 | 现在完成时 |
arrive at(in)get to/reach come/go/move to. | be in /at | have been in /at |
come back | ||
have been open | ||
get up | be up | have been up |
die | be dead | have been dead |
leave | be away from | have been away from |
fall asleep/get to sleep | be asleep | have been asleep |
finish/end | be over | have been over |
marry/get married | be married | have been married |
begin/start | be on | have been on |
borrow | keep | have kept |
buy | have | have had |
put on | wear | |
catch/get a cold | have a cold | have had a cold |
get to know | know | have known |
have/has gone to | have/has been in |
join the league/the Party/the army | be a member/members of; be in | have been a member/members of; have been in |
1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,并可以和以 for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中,句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。例:
He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago.
When did the train arrive here? B. How long ____ the train ____ here?
2.在现在完成时的肯定句中,非延续性动词作谓语动词时,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例:
Lucy has come back.
The old man died 4 years ago. = The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He has been away from Beijing for two years.
= He left Beijing two years ago.
= It is two years since he left Beijing.
= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.
3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,表示动作的延续过程。例如:
She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.
I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time.
巩固习题:
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
8. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
9. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
10. ----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
16. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up