开头
1. 对立法:先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题。
●When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that....... But I think/view a bit differently.
●When it comes to...., some people believe that....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the prefer)
●Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed /held/ acknowledged that……..They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....
2. 现象法:引出要剖析的现象或者问题,然后评论。
●Recently the rise in problem of/ (phenomenon of) ... has caused/ aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
●Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention)
●Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.
3. 观点法:开门见山,直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。
●Never history has the change of... been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of... been more visible/ popular than...
●Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/ coming to realize/accept/ (be aware) that...
●Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware /conscious of the importance of......
●Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......
4. 引用法:先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法,来引出文章要展开论述的观点。
●"Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.
●"........." How often we hear such statements/words like those /this. In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".
5. 比较法:通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较,引出文章要讨论的观点。
●For years ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people........
●People used to think that ... (In the past ...) But people now share this view.
6. 故事法:先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣,引出文章的主题。
●Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt.... The phenomenon of... has aroused public concern.
●I have a friend who ... Should he....? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.
●Once upon a time, there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.
7. 问题法:先用讨论或解答的设问,引出自己观点,适用于有争议性的话题。
●Should/What......? Options of ... vary greatly, some ..., others ...But in my opinion ...
正文
原因结果分析
1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.
●Why...? For one thing... For another ...
●The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...
●A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect.... /both individual and social contribute to....
2. 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!
●Another important factor is....
●... is also responsible for the change/problem.
●Certainly, the ... is not the sole reason for.....
3. 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .
●It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....
●In involves some serious consequence for........
比较对照句型
1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用。
●The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.
●Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.
●There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.
2. 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!
●A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that.....
●A bears some striking resemblance(s) to B.
结尾
1. 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .
●From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.....
●In summary/In a word, it is more valuable.......
2. 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.
●We must call for an immediate method, because the current phenomenon of ..., if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of.......
●Obviously, if we ignore/are blind to the problem, there is every chance that... will be put in danger.
3. 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.
●It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of......
●It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.
4. 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法。
●While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is.... Another method is ... Still another one is.....
●Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.
5. 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景。
●Many solutions are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way.
●There is no quick method to the issue of .., but... might be helpful /beneficial.
●The great challenge today is...... There is much difficulty, but........
6. 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义。
●Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit but also benefit.....
●In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly..