CCIE学习——OSPF配置
配置拓扑图：
| 配置要求： 1）证明在不同路由器上OSPF的PID不用匹配也可以建立邻接关系。 2）使用network命令来匹配借口，从而在网络10.0.0.0内触发邻接路由器发现进程。 3）配置S1的RID为7.7.7.7。 4）在骨干LAN上设置合适的优先权值以使得S1和S2成为DR/BDR。 5）在骨干LAN上配置dead间隔为最小（1秒），它是hello间隔的4倍，所以hello间隔为250毫秒。 6）配置区域3为完全NSSA区域，区域4为完全桩区域，区域5为桩区域。 具体配置： 1）R1的配置： interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier 4 ! router ospf 1 area 3 nssa no-summary area 4 stub no-summary area 5 stub network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 network 10.3.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 3 network 10.4.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 4 network 10.5.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 5 2）R2的配置： interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier 4 ! router ospf 2 area 5 stub network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 network 10.5.25.2 0.0.0.0 area 5 3）R3的配置： router ospf 1 area 3 nssa no-summary network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 3 4）R4的配置： router ospf 1 area 4 stub no-summary network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 4 5）S1的配置： interface Vlan1 ip address 10.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier 4 ip ospf priority 255 ! router ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0 6）S2的配置： interface Vlan1 ip address 10.1.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier 4 ip ospf priority 254 ! router ospf 1 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0 ●OSPF的开销以及怎样重启OSPF进程 IOS确定OSPF接口开销的方法： 1）使用neighbor neighbor cost value命令对每台邻接路由器设置开销（对于允许使用neighbor命令的网络类型）。 2）使用ip ospf cost value接口子命令对每个接口设置开销。 3）开销默认为OSPF参考带宽（默认108）/接口带宽（bps）。 4）在OSPF进程下使用ospf auto-cost reference-bandwidth value命令设置OSPF参考带宽。 注意：IOS的接口带宽的单位是kbps，而auto-cost reference-bandwidth命令的单位是Mbps。当两数相除时，所得结果会向下取整，如100/1.544=。 如果要重启OSPF进程，可以使用clear ip ospf process命令，路由器会要求你确认，输入“y”即表示确认重启。
●OSPF网络命令的替代 从Cisco IOS 12.3(11)T开始，OSPF的配置中可以完全省去network命令部分，取而代之的是ip ospf process-id area area-id接口子命令。新命令可在接口上激活OSPF并选择区域。例如，前面例子中的network 10.3.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 3命令可以用S0/0.1和e0/0接口上的命令ip ospf 1 area 3替换。 如果使用了从IP地址，network和ip ospf area命令会有一些细微的差别。当使用network命令的时候，OSPF只将匹配命令的从IP子网广播为桩网络，而ip ospf area命令则使所配置接口上的所有从子网广播为桩网络（除非配置了secondaries none参数）。 |
CISCO允许对地址进行汇总，以通过区域间通告的路由来达到节省资源的目的。 CISCO路由器支持两种类型的地址汇总：区域间汇总和外部路由汇总。区域间汇总用于在区域间汇总地址，而外部汇总用于收集到某个Cisco CCNP培训域中的一系列外部路由的汇总。路由器A将通过V。35交叉电缆连接到路由器B上。路由器B作为DCE为路由器A提供时钟。B和C通过以太网集线器连接。C通过交叉电缆连接到 D上。C作为DCE为D提供时钟。D和E通过以太网集线器连接BT无线网络破解教程B和C上的第二个以太网接口将不连到任何地方，所以需要禁用其活跃状 态。这里使用以太网接口代替回送接口的原因是，回送接口在区域边界间是作为/32位网络通告的。 RIP运行D和E之间；E将通告所有连接的子网。D将把学习到的RIP路由重分布到OSPF中，这里不使用相互的重分布，因为不需要它来验证汇总。但是， 如果你希望E能够看见OSPF网络，就需要加上它。所有IP地址分配如图。 //router a int e0 ip addr 192.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 int s0 ip addr 152.1.2.1 255.255.255.252 router ospf network 152.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //指定运行OSPF的接口以及该接口位于的区域 //router b int e1/0 ip addr 152.1.1.129 255.255.255.192 no keepalive int e0/0 ip addr 152.1.1.1 255.255.255.128 int s0/0 ip addr 152.1.2.2 255.255.255.252 no ip direct-broadcast no ip mroute-cache no fair-queue clockrate 1000000 router ospf netw 152.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 netw 152.1.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //router c int e1/0 ip addr 152.1.1.193 255.255.255.192 no ip direct-broadcast no keepalive int e0/0思科培训团购 ip addr 152.1.1.2 255.255.255.128 no ip direct-broadcast int s0/0 ip addr 152.1.3.2 255.255.255.252 no ip direct-broadcast no ip mroute-cache no fair-queue clockrate 1000000 router ospf netw 152.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 netw 152.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 //router d int e0 ip addr 130.1.4.1 255.255.255.0 no ip direct-broadcast int s0 ip addr 152.1.3.1 255.255.255.252 no ip direct-broadcast ip ospf interface-retry 0 router ospf redistribute rip metric 10 sunets //重分布RIP到OSPF中(对于此实验，仅仅只需要一个方向上的重分布) network 152.1.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 router rip network 130.1.0.0Cisco 模拟器 //router e int lo0 ip addr 130.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip direct-broadcast int lo1 ip addr 130.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 no ip direct-broadcast int lo2 ip addr 130.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 no ip direct-broadcast int lo3 ip addr 130.1.5.1 255.255.255.0 router rip netw 130.1.0.0 //监视和测试配置 show ip ro检测一下路由表 O IA 152.1。1.128/26 [110/65] VIA 152.1.2.2 SERIAL 0 O IA 512.1.1.192/26 [110/94] VIA 152.1.2.2 SERIAL 0 因为所有它些网络都是区域0的一部分。所以区域边界路由器ABR B和C都可以将网络汇总到一个项目152.1。1.0/24中： routerb# router ospf 思科模拟器 routerb(config-router)# area 0 range 152.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 routerc# router ospf routerc(config-router)# area range 152.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 show ip ro O IA 152.1.1.0/24 [110/84]VIA 152.1.2.2 SERIAL 0 路由器D做为ASBR，将把E学到的RIP重分布到OSPF中。使用SHOW IP RO 130.1.0.0/24 IS SUBNETTED, 7 SUBNETS O E2 130.1。3.0 O E2 130.1。2.0 O E2 130.1。1.0 O E2 130.1。7.0 O E2 130.1。6.0 O E2 130.1。5.0 O E2 130.1。4.0 routerd# router ospf routerd(config-router)# summary-address 130.1.0.0 255.255.248.0 sh ip ro 130.1.0.0/21 IS SUBNETTED,1 SUBNETS O E2 130.1.0.0Cisco ios 下载 思科论坛 Cisco
首先我们还是看一看今天实验的拓扑图吧：
帧中继链接详细拓扑图：
看一看在PacketTracert中我们是如何配置帧中继服务的吧：
接下来看看路由器是如何配置的：
路由器R1的配置：
R1#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 908 bytes
!
version 12.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay ietf
!
interface Serial0/0/0.12 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 102
!
interface Serial0/0/0.13 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 103
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.20.0
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.3.0
auto-summary
!
ip classless
!
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.20.200 192.168.20.254
!
ip dhcp pool 51cto.com
network 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.20.254
dns-server 192.168.20.251
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
路由器R2的配置：
R2#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 908 bytes
!
version 12.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R2
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.40.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay ietf
!
interface Serial0/0/0.21 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
!
interface Serial0/0/0.23 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 203
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.4.0
network 192.168.40.0
auto-summary
!
ip classless
!
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.40.200 192.168.40.254
!
ip dhcp pool 51cto.com
network 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.40.254
dns-server 192.168.20.251
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
路由器R3的配置：
R3#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 908 bytes
!
version 12.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R3
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay ietf
!
interface Serial0/0/0.31 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 301
!
interface Serial0/0/0.32 point-to-point
ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 302
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.30.0
network 192.168.4.0
network 192.168.1.0
auto-summary
!
ip classless
!
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.30.200 192.168.30.254
!
ip dhcp pool 51cto.com
network 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.30.254
dns-server 192.168.20.251
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
路由器的配置就算是完成了。
在前面几篇文章中我介绍了PacketTracert中服务器的设置，再此不再赘述，在该实验中DNS服务器IP为：192.168.20.251；WEB服务器的IP地址为：192.168.20.253（[url]www.51cto.com[/url]）。
下面看看路由表吧：
R1:
R1#SH IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0.13
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0.12
D 192.168.4.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.3.2, 01:01:01, Serial0/0/0.12
[90/2681856] via 192.168.1.2, 01:00:36, Serial0/0/0.13
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.30.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.1.2, 01:00:36, Serial0/0/0.13
D 192.168.40.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.3.2, 01:00:58, Serial0/0/0.12
R2:
R2#SH IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.3.1, 01:01:37, Serial0/0/0.21
[90/2681856] via 192.168.4.2, 01:01:15, Serial0/0/0.23
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0.21
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0.23
D 192.168.20.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.3.1, 01:01:37, Serial0/0/0.21
D 192.168.30.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.4.2, 01:01:17, Serial0/0/0.23
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3:
R3#
R3#SH IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0.31
D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.4.1, 01:02:15, Serial0/0/0.32
[90/2681856] via 192.168.1.1, 01:02:08, Serial0/0/0.31
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0.32
D 192.168.20.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.1.1, 01:02:08, Serial0/0/0.31
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 192.168.40.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.4.1, 01:02:15, Serial0/0/0.32
通过对路由表的观察我们知道网络已经联通了～
最后我们就在这个模拟器中小小应用一把吧：用PC0访问[url]www.51cto.com[/url]（192.168.1.253）。
实验：OSPF高级配置（三）绝对末节区域
2009-06-26 02:08:38
本篇只介绍绝对末节区域的配置，及实验结果显示。如需查看之前配置，可参看本专题前两篇文章（一）、（二）。 拓扑图： 将区域1配置为绝对末节区域，要R2、R3、R4均设置为末节路由器，并且R2不能转发汇总信息到区域1内（只通告给R3、R4默认路由）。 路由器配置： R2: R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 1 stub no-summary R3: R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#area 1 stub R4: R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#area 1 stub 查看末节区域内的路由表： R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.17.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.17.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 192.168.17.1, 00:06:56, FastEthernet0/0 R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.30.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.17.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:07:13, FastEthernet0/0
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/3] via 192.168.30.1, 00:07:13, FastEthernet0/0 [/img]..
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原创
实验：OSPF高级配置（二）路由汇总
2009-06-26 01:53:00
接上篇《实验：OSPF高级配置（一）连通性目标实现》本片主要介绍OSPF地址汇总
在ABR（R2）和ASBR（R5）上实现路由汇总：
路由器关键配置：
R2:
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 1 range 192.168.16.0 0.0.15.255 advertise R5:
R5(config)#router ospf 1
R5(config-router)#summary-address 192.168..0 255.255.240.0
查看路由汇总会的路由表：
R1:
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
O E2 192.168..0/20 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:02:15, FastEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.16.0/20 [110/2] via 192.168.10.2, 00:03:40, FastEthernet0/0 R2:
R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.17.2, 00:04:11, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.17.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.10.1, 00:04:11, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168..0/20 [110/20] via 192.168.10.1, 00:02:46, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.16.0/20 is a summary, 00:04:11, Null0 R4:
R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.30.1, 00:38:40, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.17.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:38:40, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.30.1, 00:38:40, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168..0/20 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:03:42, FastEthernet0/0 R5:
R5#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.1.1, 00:36:21, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.66.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.70.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.66.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet1/0
O 192.168..0/20 is a summary, 00:04:01, Null0
O IA 192.168.16.0/20 [110/3] via 192.168.1.1, 00:05:26, FastEthernet0/0 R6#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.66.1, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.66.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.66.1, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R 192.168..0/20 [120/3] via 192.168.66.1, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.16.0/20 [120/3] via 192.168.66.1, 00:00:16, FastEthernet0/0[/img]..
类别：路由|阅读(238)|回复(0)|赞(0)阅读全文>>
原创
实验：OSPF高级配置（一）连通性目标实现
2009-06-26 01:24:54
实验拓扑图如下： 拓扑连接详情：
Router1 F0/0 <----> Router2 F0/0
Router2 F1/0 <----> Router3 F0/0
Router3 F1/0 <----> Router4 F0/0
Router1 F1/0 <----> Router5 F0/0
Router5 F1/0 <----> Router6 F0/0
Router6 F1/0 <----> Router7 F0/0
根据拓扑图，设置接口IP。 拓扑图中有两个变量——X Y
一、当X=0，Y=1时，Area X为中转区域，Area Y为常规区域。
1.路由器设置
R1:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
! R2:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.17.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
! R3:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.17.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.17.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
! R4:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
! R5:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.66.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute rip metric 20
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute ospf 1 metric 3
network 192.168.66.0
no auto-summary
! R6:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.66.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.66.0
network 192.168.70.0
no auto-summary
! R7:
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.70.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.70.0
no auto-summary
!
1.1查看路由表信息
R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.30.1, 00:10:56, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.66.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:08:13, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.17.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:10:56, FastEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.30.1, 00:10:56, FastEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.70.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:08:13, FastEthernet0/0 R7#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.30.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.66.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.17.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/4] via 192.168.70.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
1.2查看OSPF LSDB
R1# sh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168.10.1) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 736 0x80000004 0x008AEB 2
192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 7 0x80000003 0x00B19C 1
192.168.66.1 192.168.66.1 573 0x80000003 0x006E8F 1 Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.1 192.168.10.1 735 0x80000001 0x000B2E
192.168.10.2 192.168.17.1 7 0x80000001 0x00D088 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.17.0 192.168.17.1 816 0x80000001 0x009CA9
192.168.30.0 192.168.17.1 753 0x80000001 0x001721 Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
192.168.66.0 192.168.66.1 573 0x80000001 0x007BCC 0
192.168.70.0 192.168.66.1 574 0x80000001 0x004FF4 0 R2#sh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168.17.1) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 762 0x80000004 0x008AEB 2
192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 813 0x80000003 0x00B19C 1
192.168.66.1 192.168.66.1 599 0x80000003 0x006E8F 1 Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.1 192.168.10.1 761 0x80000001 0x000B2E
192.168.10.2 192.168.17.1 813 0x80000001 0x00D088 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.17.0 192.168.17.1 840 0x80000001 0x009CA9
192.168.30.0 192.168.17.1 778 0x80000001 0x001721 Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 782 0x80000002 0x004002 1
192.168.30.1 192.168.30.1 757 0x80000004 0x00ED16 2
192.168.30.2 192.168.30.2 757 0x80000002 0x006F9C 1 Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.17.2 192.168.30.1 784 0x80000001 0x00F838
192.168.30.2 192.168.30.2 758 0x80000001 0x0017FD Summary Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.0 192.168.17.1 809 0x80000001 0x0057FD
192.168.10.0 192.168.17.1 846 0x80000001 0x00E963 Summary ASB Link States (Area 1) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.66.1 192.168.17.1 593 0x80000001 0x0071A0 Type-5 AS External Link States Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
192.168.66.0 192.168.66.1 600 0x80000001 0x007BCC 0
192.168.70.0 192.168.66.1 601 0x80000001 0x004FF4 0 R5#sh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168.66.1) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
192.168.10.1 192.168.10.1 802 0x80000004 0x008AEB 2
192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 855 0x80000003 0x00B19C 1
192.168.66.1 192.168.66.1 638 0x80000003 0x006E8F 1 Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.1 192.168.10.1 802 0x80000001 0x000B2E
192.168.10.2 192.168.17.1 855 0x80000001 0x00D088 Summary Net Link States (Area 0) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.17.0 192.168.17.1 881 0x80000001 0x009CA9
192.168.30.0 192.168.17.1 819 0x80000001 0x001721 Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
192.168.66.0 192.168.66.1 637 0x80000001 0x007BCC 0
192.168.70.0 192.168.66.1 638 0x80000001 0x004FF4 0 R4# sh ip ospf database OSPF Router with ID (192.168.30.2) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 1) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 854 0x80000002 0x004002 1
192.168.30.1 192.168.30.1 826 0x80000004 0x00ED16 2
192.168.30.2 192.168.30.2 825 0x80000002 0x006F9C 1 Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.17.2 192.168.30.1 853 0x80000001 0x00F838
192.168.30.2 192.168.30.2 825 0x80000001 0x0017FD Summary Net Link States (Area 1) Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.1.0 192.168.17.1 880 0x80000001 0x0057FD
192.168.10.0 192.168.17.1 917 0x80000001 0x00E963 Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum
192.168.66.1 192.168.17.1 665 0x80000001 0x0071A0 Type-5 AS External Link States Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
192.168.66.0 192.168.66.1 672 0x80000001 0x007BCC 0
192.168.70.0 192.168.66.1 672 0x80000001 0x004FF4 0
[/img]..
类别：路由|阅读(170)|回复(1)|赞(0)阅读全文>>
原创
实验：PPPoE服务器/客户端基础配置
2009-06-25 02:51:15
大家使用ADSL上网，我们与电话局之间的物理连接为：网线----电话线-----网线，建立链路使用的技术是PPPoE（PPP帧封装在以太网帧中，PPoE为服务器/客户端模式运行）。今天的实验将本地路由器（客户端）与局端路由..
类别：路由|阅读(1014)|回复(2)|赞(1)阅读全文>>
原创
综合实验：不同网络环境下OSPF的配置
2009-06-24 01:46:33
OSPF定义了3种网络：点到点、广播、非广播多路访问 在非广播多路访问环境中，接口又可以选择broadcast、non-broadcast..
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实验：EIGRP浮动汇总路由
2009-06-22 01:42:14
实验拓扑： 接口连接： Router1 S0/0 <----> Router2 S0/0
Router2 S0/1 <----> Router3 S0/0
Router1 S0/1 <----> Router4 S0/0
Router3 S0/1 <----> Router4 S0/1
VPCS V0/1 <----> Router1 E1/0
VPCS V0/2 <----> Router3 E1/0
实验原理： 在R1\\R2\\R3\\R4上均运行EIGRP路由协议。R4通过S0/1向R3通告一条0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0的汇总路由，并将这条浮动路由的管理距离设置为250，于是在网络连通的情况下R3上到达200.1.1.0/24网段的路由经过R2，而 在R2与R3链路故障的时候，通过R3前往200.1.1.0/24的数据包会通过R4（R3拓扑表中，默认路由由A变为P） 关键配置： R1: interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0 ! interface Ethernet1/0
ip address 200.1.1.254 255.255.255.0
half-duplex !
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.3.0
network 200.1.1.0
no auto-summary R2、R3略，参照R1进行接口IP和路由协议的配置 重点看下R4的配置 R4: interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial0/1
ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 100 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 250（向R3通过默认路由，管理距离高于EIGRP默认值）!
router eigrp 100
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.4.0
auto-summary 查看结果： 1.R2和R3之间链路正常时 a) R3的路由表： R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.4.1 to network 0.0.0.0 D 200.1.1.0/24 [90/2707456] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/0
C 200.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2681856] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/3193856] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/0
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/2681856] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial0/1 b)R3的拓扑表： R3#sh ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(200.1.2.254) Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status A 0.0.0.0/0, 1 successors, FD is Inaccessible
1 replies, active 00:00:00, query-origin: Successor Origin
Remaining replies:
via 192.168.2.1, r, Serial0/0
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via 192.168.2.1 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/0
P 192.168.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/0
P 192.168.3.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 3193856
via 192.168.2.1 (3193856/2681856), Serial0/0
P 192.168.4.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/1
P 200.1.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2707456
via 192.168.2.1 (2707456/2195456), Serial0/0
P 200.1.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600
via Connected, Ethernet1/0 2.R2的S0/1设置为DOWN,观察R3路由表和拓扑表 a)R3路由表： R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is 192.168.4.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C 200.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/2681856] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/1 b)R3的拓扑表： R3#sh ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(200.1.2.254) Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status P 0.0.0.0/0, 1 successors, FD is 2681856
via 192.168.4.1 (2681856/2169856), Serial0/1
P 192.168.4.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 2169856
via Connected, Serial0/1
P 200.1.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 281600
via Connected, Ethernet1/0 该实验说明，当R2和R3链路正常是，通过R3去往PC1的数据包不通过R4，只有当R2、R3间链路出现故障，默认路由才启用。 [/img]..
类别：路由|阅读(99)|回复(2)|赞(0)阅读全文>>
转载
思科网络模块和接口卡（语音&广域网）的名..
2009-06-19 08:17:34
网络模块 NM-1E 1口以太网模块 NM-1FE-FX 1口快速以太网模块 FX光纤接口 NM-1FE-TX 1口快速以太网模块 TX 双绞线接口 NM-1FE2W 1口10/100以太网2广域网卡插槽 NM-1E2W 1口以..
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原创
使用Virtual-Template在帧中继中实现ppp验..
2009-04-27 18:31:55
一、目的：在通过帧中继网络通信的两台路由器之间实现验证功能（封装类型为帧中继的串行接口不能进行PPP验证，使用Virtual-Template来实现）。
二、实验拓扑图： 三、具体配置：
1、路由器R1:
username R1 password 0 00830725
!
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay IETF
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 102 ppp Virtual-Template10 （将虚拟模板与本地dlci值关联）
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
!
interface Virtual-Template10
bandwidth 1544
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
ppp authentication pap
! 2、路由器R2:
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay IETF
serial restart-delay 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201 ppp Virtual-Template10 （将虚拟模板与本地dlci值关联）
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
!
interface Virtual-Template10
bandwidth 1544
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
ppp pap sent-username R1 password 0 00830725
!
四、验证
1. sh ip int bri (查看接口状态) virtual-template接口的状态永远为down/down，主要看virtual-template生成的virtual-access的值为UP/UP则接口启用。
2.ping 3.sh frame-relay pvc
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原创
实验：PPP多链路（ppp multilink）
2009-04-27 16:22:43
PPP Multilink配置实验：
一、主要命令介绍
1.将串行接口封装为PPP格式，并将该接口与虚接口multilink 10组关联
R1(config)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R1(config-if)#ppp multilink group 10
2...
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原创
几张BGP实验的拓扑图
2009-04-22 18:16:15
BGP虽然比较难学，离我们比较远，但BGP不是不可突破的啊。 勤做实验，在实验过程中加深对理论知识的理解才..
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转载
ADSL错误代码大全610-797
2009-04-19 20:58:55
错误信息。
在使用“网络和拨号连接”时，可能会收到一个或多个下列错误信息。要查看有关错误的详细信息，请单击该错误。
600 操作挂起。
发生内部错误，重新启动计算机，以确保所有最近所作的配置更改都能生效..
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转载
Internet Multicast Addresses(网络组播地..
2009-03-25 15:56:54
Internet Multicast Addresses (last updated 2009-03-17) Registries included below:
- IPv4 Multicast Addresses
Note:
Host Extensions for IP Multicasting [RFC1112] specifies the extensions
required o..
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原创
通过Cisco SDM 登录思科路由器
2009-03-25 02:38:39
这个实验的拓扑如下：
使用的实验工具是dynamipsGUI和WMware虚拟出来的网卡（大家看到的拓扑实际上是路由器与虚拟网桥的桥接）。
实验很简。要注意的是，在路由器第一次启动后，在配置好F0/0的地址并启动接口后，在主机上设置IP并使用ping命令测试与路由器是否建立链接。如果一切正常，则启动SDM，输入路由器与主机相连的接口地址，这样大家就进入SDM的界面了：
出于安全考虑，也为了下次登录，我们要设定用户名和密码（previlege为15）。用户名和密码的设定方法会在下面给大家介绍。
好，先通过SDM登录路由器（有些IOS版本是不支持SDM的）：
哦，还要在IE浏览器上做一下设置，就是在 工具-》选项-》高级的“安全”目录下，将“允许活动的内容在我的计算机的文件中运行”打勾！
配置用户帐号。选“配置”然后选择“其他任务”，打开“路由器访问”，双击“用户帐号/视图”，如下图：
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原创
思科路由器的密码恢复
2009-03-19 02:59:05
如果手头有一台路由器需要你配置，而你却没有办法通过询问别人的方式获得它的登陆密码，这个时候该怎么办呢？
查阅资料我们知道路由器为了决定OS（操作系统）的位置，启动装在程序要检查路由器的配置寄存器。我..
好了，帧中继在PacketTracert中的实验今天就介绍到这里吧～大家一块探索！
希望大家开心！
文章
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原创
按需路由选择（ODR）原理及实验
2009-03-10 23:10:43
ODR使用Cisco发现协议（CDP）来在分支（末节）路由器和路由器之间传输网络信息。
ODR只适合于——分支拓扑结构。路由器需要获悉每台分支路路..
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原创
实验：DHCP中继代理
2008-12-12 02:15:14
今天做的试验比较简单，关键的就是一条接口级命令：ip helper-address address。所以说今天的试验除了学会配置DHCP中继代理，更重要的是理解它的工作流程。不知道大..
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原创
使用隧道技术打造帧中继网络
2008-11-29 16:17:54
今天是周末，有大块的时间来做做实验，感觉不错！
今天做的实验是使用思科路由器结合隧道技术打造帧中继网络，做完这个实验，帧中继对于你我不再是雾里看花了~
一．实验拓扑图：
1、云团未被揭开的实验拓扑..
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原创
网关负载均衡协议（GLBP）原理与实验
2008-11-25 01:43:06
一、基础知识：
GLBP是思科的专有协议，设计GLBP的目的是自动选择和同时使用多个可用的网关。和HSRP、VRRP不同的是，GLBP可充分利用资源，同时无需配置多个组和管理多个默认网关..
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原创
虚拟路由器冗余协议（VRRP）原理与实验
2008-11-24 20:54:03
一、基础知识：
虚拟路由冗余协议（VRRP）与热备份路由协议（HSRP）都是一种默认网关冗余方法，它们都是让一组路由器构成一台虚拟路由器。和HSRP不同的是，VRRP是开发的协议，..
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原创
在局域网内开辟一个属于自己的局域网
2008-11-20 21:49:43
如果大家住集体宿舍，看看自己的IP地址是不是192.168.*.*？一般情况下我们只是老实的通过网络室路由器或服务器进行NAT地址转换畅游Internet的。如果想在自己宿..
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原创
实验：基于源地址的策略路由
2008-11-20 03:11:32
在上一篇笔记中，我说过马上作策略路由的实验吧~
现在将这个实验留在51CTO的博客吧~
实验目的：
根据不同来源地址的流量，通过策略路由选择不同的出口：
在这个实验中，源地址为211.141.1.0/24的数据必..
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原创
课程学习笔记：策略路由（Policy-based ro..
2008-11-20 00:00:56
策略路由（Policy-based Routing）和静态路由（Static Routing）的比较，如下表：
策略路由
静态路由
配置 方式
手工配置
&nbs..
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原创
实验：VLAN环境下DHCP的配置
2008-11-16 13:46:41
虚拟情景：
企业有多个部门，这些部门的主机都连接在一台多接口交换机上，不同的部门分别被划分在不同的VLAN中，为了尽快部署，要求使用DHCP对这些属于不同VLAN的主机进行IP地址分配。
实验拓扑如下：
..
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原创
CCNP路由重分发（四）EIGRP-to-ISIS
2008-10-24 19:35:55
这个实验是关于EIGRP和ISIS网络之间的路由重分发。ISIS也属于链路状态路由，采用的也是分层结构，但与OSPF不同的是ISIS每一个路由器只能属于一个区域，而OSPF则可以将同一个路由器上的不同接口分配到不同的区域中..
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原创
CCNP路由重分发（三）EIGRP-to-OSPF
2008-10-24 19:27:21
这个实验做一下EIGPR网络与OSPF网络之间的路由重分发，实验拓扑如下：
实验用的时小凡的模拟器，路由器连接拓扑如下表：
Router1 S0/0 <----> Router2 S0/1
Router2 S0/0 <----> Router3 S0/1
Router3 S0/0 <----> Router4 S0/1
为配置路由重分发时各路由器上的路由表状况：
R1#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.0.0.8/30 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:14, Serial0/0
C 10.2.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
O 10.11.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:54, Serial0/0
O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:54, Serial0/0
O 10.9.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:54, Serial0/0
O 10.8.0.0/16 [110/128] via 10.0.0.10, 00:01:54, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 10.2.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:04:43, Serial0/1
D 10.3.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:04:43, Serial0/1
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 10.1.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:04:43, Serial0/1
R3#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks
O 10.11.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:02:18, Serial0/0
O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:02:18, Serial0/0
O 10.9.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:02:18, Serial0/0
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R4#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.11.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1
O 10.0.0.8/30 [110/128] via 10.8.0.1, 00:02:34, Serial0/1
C 10.9.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
在路由器R2上配置路由重分发：
R2#sh run | be router
router eigrp 100
redistribute ospf 1 metric 2000 100 255 1 1500
network 10.0.0.0
auto-summary
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute eigrp 100 metric 200 subnets
network 10.0.0.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
!
路由重分发后各路由器上的路由表情况：
R1#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
D EX 10.11.0.1/32 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.2, 00:03:17, Serial0/0
D EX 10.10.0.1/32 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.2, 00:03:17, Serial0/0
D EX 10.9.0.1/32 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.2, 00:03:17, Serial0/0
D EX 10.8.0.0/16 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.2, 00:03:17, Serial0/0
D 10.0.0.8/30 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.2, 00:10:41, Serial0/0
C 10.2.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
O 10.11.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:25, Serial0/0
O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:25, Serial0/0
O 10.9.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:25, Serial0/0
O 10.8.0.0/16 [110/128] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:25, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 10.2.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:11:29, Serial0/1
D 10.3.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:11:29, Serial0/1
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 10.1.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:11:29, Serial0/1
R3#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
O 10.11.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:03:46, Serial0/0
O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:03:46, Serial0/0
O 10.9.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:03:46, Serial0/0
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
O E2 10.2.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:10, Serial0/1
O E2 10.3.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:10, Serial0/1
O E2 10.0.0.0/30 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:10, Serial0/1
O E2 10.1.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:10, Serial0/1
R4#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.11.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1
O 10.0.0.8/30 [110/128] via 10.8.0.1, 00:04:08, Serial0/1
C 10.9.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
O E2 10.2.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:32, Serial0/1
O E2 10.3.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:32, Serial0/1
O E2 10.0.0.0/30 [110/200] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:32, Serial0/1
O E2 10.1.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:32, Serial0/1
重分发后路由器R4的OSPF数据库表：
R4#sh ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (10.11.0.1) (Process ID 1)
Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count
10.0.0.9 10.0.0.9 296 0x80000003 0x0079CB 2
10.8.0.1 10.8.0.1 0 0x80000004 0x007EEC 4
10.11.0.1 10.11.0.1 607 0x80000004 0x006960 5
Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag
10.0.0.0 10.0.0.9 255 0x80000001 0x00D1FF 0
10.1.0.0 10.0.0.9 255 0x80000001 0x00D7F5 0
10.2.0.0 10.0.0.9 255 0x80000001 0x00CB01 0
10.3.0.0 10.0.0.9 255 0x80000001 0x00BF0C 0
希望大家有所收获！[/img]..
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原创
CCNP路由重分发（二）RIP-to-EIGRP
2008-10-24 19:23:32
这个实验的目的是完成RIP网络与EIGRP网络之间的路由重分发，拓扑图如下：
实验用的时小凡的模拟器，路由器连接拓扑如下表：
Router1 S0/0 <----> Router2 S0/1
Router2 S0/0 <----> Router3 S0/1
Router3 S0/0 <----> Router4 S0/1
未路由重分发前各路由器的路由表状况：
R1#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
R 10.0.0.8/30 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0
C 10.2.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.10.0.0/16 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:02:38, Serial0/0
D 10.11.0.0/16 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:02:38, Serial0/0
D 10.8.0.0/16 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:02:49, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 10.9.0.0/16 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:02:38, Serial0/0
R 10.2.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/1
R 10.3.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/1
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R 10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:03, Serial0/1
R3#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.10.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.8.0.2, 00:03:09, Serial0/0
D 10.11.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.8.0.2, 00:03:09, Serial0/0
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 10.9.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.8.0.2, 00:03:09, Serial0/0
D 10.0.0.0/30 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:18, Serial0/1
R4#sh ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.11.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 10.0.0.8/30 [90/2681856] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:29, Serial0/1
C 10.9.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
D 10.0.0.0/30 [90/3193856] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:29, Serial0/1
在路由器R2上配置路由重分发：
R2#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1132 bytes
!
!
router eigrp 100
redistribute rip metric 2000 100 255 1 1500
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute eigrp 100 metric 4
passive-interface Serial0/0
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
配置完路由重分发后，各路由器路由表的状况：
R1#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
R 10.10.0.0/16 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
R 10.11.0.0/16 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
R 10.8.0.0/16 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
R 10.0.0.8/30 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
R 10.9.0.0/16 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
C 10.2.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.10.0.0/16 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:10:42, Serial0/0
D 10.11.0.0/16 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:10:42, Serial0/0
D 10.8.0.0/16 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:10:53, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
D 10.9.0.0/16 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.10, 00:10:42, Serial0/0
R 10.2.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
R 10.3.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R 10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
R3#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.10.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.8.0.2, 00:11:12, Serial0/0
D 10.11.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.8.0.2, 00:11:12, Serial0/0
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 10.9.0.0/16 [90/2297856] via 10.8.0.2, 00:11:12, Serial0/0
D EX 10.2.0.0/16 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:15, Serial0/1
D EX 10.3.0.0/16 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:15, Serial0/1
D 10.0.0.0/30 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.9, 00:11:20, Serial0/1
D EX 10.1.0.0/16 [170/2195456] via 10.0.0.9, 00:03:15, Serial0/1
R4#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.11.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1
D 10.0.0.8/30 [90/2681856] via 10.8.0.1, 00:11:29, Serial0/1
C 10.9.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
D EX 10.2.0.0/16 [170/2707456] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:34, Serial0/1
D EX 10.3.0.0/16 [170/2707456] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:34, Serial0/1
D 10.0.0.0/30 [90/3193856] via 10.8.0.1, 00:11:29, Serial0/1
D EX 10.1.0.0/16 [170/2707456] via 10.8.0.1, 00:03:34, Serial0/1
中间步骤简略了，主要是为了让大家更之间的看重分发的过程，避免不必要的干扰·
共同进步啊~
[/img]..
类别：路由|阅读(350)|回复(1)|赞(0)阅读全文>>
原创
CCNP路由重分发（一）RIP-to-OSPF
2008-10-24 16:22:10
今天做一个RIP与OSPF之间路由重分发的实验，实验拓扑图如下：
实验用的时小凡的模拟器，路由器连接拓扑如下表：
Router1 S0/0 <----> Router2 S0/1
Router2 S0/0 <----> Router3 S0/1
Router3 S0/0 <----> Router4 S0/1
实验过程如下；
RIP to OSPF
在未使用路由重分发之前的路由状况：
R1#sh ip route
!
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
R 10.0.0.8/30 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:03, Serial0/0
C 10.2.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2#SH IP ROUTE
!
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
O IA 10.11.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:32, Serial0/0
O IA 10.10.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:42, Serial0/0
O IA 10.9.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:03:52, Serial0/0
O IA 10.8.0.0/16 [110/128] via 10.0.0.10, 00:04:53, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
R 10.2.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
R 10.3.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R 10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:12, Serial0/1
R3#SH IP ROUTE
!
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks
O 10.11.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:04:02, Serial0/0
O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:04:02, Serial0/0
O 10.9.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:04:02, Serial0/0
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R4#SH IP ROUTE
!
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.11.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1
O IA 10.0.0.8/30 [110/128] via 10.8.0.1, 00:04:53, Serial0/1
C 10.9.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
在R2上配置路由重分发：
R2#sh run
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1139 bytes
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
redistribute rip metric 200 subnets
network 10.0.0.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
!
router rip
version 2
redistribute ospf 1 metric 4
passive-interface Serial0/0
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
配置路由重分发后各路由器的路由状况：
R1#sh ip route
！
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
R 10.11.0.1/32 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0
R 10.10.0.1/32 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0
R 10.9.0.1/32 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0
R 10.8.0.0/16 [120/4] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0
R 10.0.0.8/30 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial0/0
C 10.2.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.0.0/16 is directly connected, Loopback0
R2#SH IP ROUTE
!
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
O IA 10.11.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:05:54, Serial0/0
O IA 10.10.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:05:54, Serial0/0
O IA 10.9.0.1/32 [110/129] via 10.0.0.10, 00:05:54, Serial0/0
O IA 10.8.0.0/16 [110/128] via 10.0.0.10, 00:05:54, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0
R 10.2.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/1
R 10.3.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/1
C 10.0.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
R 10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/1
R3#sh ip route
!
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks
O 10.11.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:09:28, Serial0/0
O 10.10.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:09:28, Serial0/0
O 10.9.0.1/32 [110/65] via 10.8.0.2, 00:09:28, Serial0/0
C 10.8.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.0.0.8/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1
O E2 10.2.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:01:22, Serial0/1
O E2 10.3.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:01:22, Serial0/1
O E2 10.0.0.0/30 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:01:22, Serial0/1
O E2 10.1.0.0/16 [110/200] via 10.0.0.9, 00:01:22, Serial0/1
[/img]..
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原创
CCNP之IS-IS实验
2008-10-12 19:00:59
今天复习了CCNP中的IS-IS章节，了解了概念之后最重要的还是动手实验了。在实验中体会所学的知识点是如何运用的是最重要的。学CISCO这么久，老是感觉自己的记性一日不如一日，不过没办法，不学习的话要实现IE梦想..
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原创
OSPF各种网络类型集成实验
2008-10-08 22:31:20
OSPF有3中网络类型：
1.BROADCAST MULTI-ACCESS NETWORK
是以太网和令牌环网中的OSPF接口默认类型
2.POINT-TO-POINT NETWORK
..
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原创
路由热备份（HSRP）DynamipsGUI小试牛刀
2008-09-25 03:47:58
——好久不见啊，大家最近过的还好吗？
——学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。好了，既然已经踏上了CCNP之旅，那就和大家一起分享一下学习HSRP的体会吧
——在CCNA中我们设计网络的目的主要是——通！到了CCNP，我们设计网络的时候除了考虑能不能通，还要考虑网络的稳定性，可扩展性等因素。HSRP技术的出现大大提高了网络的稳定性，避免了单点失效而带了的风险。
——通过一个实验大家来一块了解一下HSRP的应用吧~
——本次实验使用的拓扑图：
——在这次实验中交换机使用30系列，路由器使用了2600系列。
——SW1、SW2、SW5为工作组交换机；SW3，SW4为三层交换机。
—— 设备连线关系如下：
Switch1 F0/15 <----> Switch3 F0/15
Switch1 F0/14 <----> Switch4 F0/14
Switch2 F0/15 <----> Switch4 F0/15
Switch2 F0/14 <----> Switch3 F0/14
Switch3 F0/13 <----> Router1 F0/0
Switch4 F0/13 <----> Router2 F0/0
Switch5 F0/15 <----> Router1 F0/1
Switch5 F0/14 <----> Router2 F0/1
VPCS V0/1 <----> Switch1 F0/0
VPCS V0/2 <----> Switch1 F0/1
VPCS V0/3 <----> Switch2 F0/0
VPCS V0/4 <----> Switch2 F0/1
VPCS V0/5 <----> Switch5 F0/0
VPCS V0/6 <----> Switch5 F0/1
实验达成目标：
SW3，SW4互为路由器热备份，在SW3和SW4上分别配置两个Standby组。通过拓扑图大家知道连接SW1和SW2的主机属于同 VLAN，在正常情况下SW3作为连接在SW1上主机的激活路由器，SW4作为连接在SW2上主机的激活路由器。这样做的目的是流量分配的意思。出现故障 以后，激活状态的路由器会变为被动状态，被动状态的路由器被激活。网络稳定性增强。
关键配置：
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路由选择协议及实验
2008-09-09 02:19:37
——路由器获悉远程网络的方式有两种：管理员手工配置信息（路由静态选择）路由器从其他路由器获取信息（动态路由协议）。
——静态路由适合于——分支拓扑中。
——如果目标网络未出现在路由选择..
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原创
Cisco模拟器PacketTracert高级应用——帧中继
2008-07-03 21:46:52
大家好啊！这两天过得开心吗？
在前面几篇里面我已经介绍了PacketTracert的一些基础应用。今天我们来利用这个模拟器做一下帧中继的实验吧～
首先我们还是看一看今天实验的拓扑图吧：
帧中继链接详细拓扑图：
看一看在PacketTracert中我们是如何配置帧中继服务的吧：
OSPF实验1：基本的OSPF配置
实验级别：Assistant
实验拓扑：
实验步骤：
1. 首先在3台路由器上配置物理接口，并且使用ping命令确保物理链路的畅通。
2. 在路由器上配置loopback接口：
R1(config)#int loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#int loopback 0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config)#int loopback 0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
路由器的RID是路由器接口的最高的IP地址，当有环回口存在是，路由器将使用环回口的最高IP地址作为起RID，从而保证RID的稳定。
3． 在3台路由器上分别启动ospf进程，并且宣告直连接口的网络。
R1(config)#router ospf 10
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0.0.0.255 area 0
ospf的进程号只有本地意义，既在不同路由器上的进程号可以不相同。但是为了日后维护的方便，一般启用相同的进程号。
ospf使用反向掩码。Area 0表示骨干区域，在设计ospf网络时，所有的非骨干区域都需要和骨干区域直连！
R2，R3的配置和R1类似，这里省略。不同的是我们在R2和R3上不宣告各自的环回口。
*Aug 13 17:58:51.411: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
配置结束后，我们可以看到邻居关系已经到达FULL状态。
4. 在R1上查看路由表，可以看到以下信息：
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:42, Serial1/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/
我们看到R1学到了192.168.2.0/24这个网段的路由。后面的数字[110/65]，分别表示OSPF的管理距离（AD）和路由的Metric值
OSPF的Metric值是由cost值逐跳累加的。Cost=100Mb/带宽值。
5. 在R1上show ip ospf neighbor 、show ip ospf interface
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.3 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:34 192.168.3.3 FastEthernet0/0
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:32 192.168.1.2 Serial1/0
我们看到R1和R3选取了DR和BDR，而R1和R2没有选取。
在ospf的五种网络类型中。Point-to-Point,Point-to-Multipoint(广播与非广播)这三种网络类型不选取DR与BDR; Broadcast,NBMA选取DR与BDR。
R1#show ip ospf interface
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.3.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 192.168.3.1
Backup Designated router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 192.168.3.3
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 3/3, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3 (Backup Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost:
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:02
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 1.1.1.1/24, Area 0
Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1
Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host
在这里我们看到环回口的网络网络类型是Loopback，这是一种特殊的网络类型，只针对环回口存在。我们到R2上看看路由表：
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:12:34, Serial1/0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:12:34, Serial1/0
[110/65] via 192.168.2.3, 00:12:34, Serial1/1
R2的路由表显示来自环回口的路由，掩码为/32，既我们所说的“主机路由”。在实际应用中，环回口以32位的居多，用作ospf的管理接口。但是如果你想让环回口模拟一个网段，我们可以通过以下配置来消除。
R1(config)#int loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
环回口只能配置成point-to-point这种类型，不可以配置成其它的类型。
回到R2查看路由表：
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
[110/65] via 192.168.2.3, 00:00:24, Serial1/1
我们看到主机路由没有了，取而代之的是一个/24的网段。
OSPF理论学习笔记
一．OSPF的工作原理：
1.宣告OSPF的路由器从所有启动OSPF协议的接口上发出Hello包。如果两台路由器能够相互协调它们各自的HELLO包中所指定的某些参数，那么它们就成为了邻居（Neighbor）
2.邻接关系（adjacency），它是一些邻居路由器之间构成的。OSPF协议定义了一些网络类型和路由器关系的邻接关系。邻接关系的建立是由交换HELLO报文信息和路由器类型和网络类型决定的。
3.每一台路由都会在所有形成邻接关系之间发送链路状态通告（LSA）。LSA描述了路由器所有的链路、接口、路由器的邻居以及链路状态信息。
4.每一个收到从邻居路由器发出的LSA通告的路由器都会把这些LSA通告记录在它的LSBD中，并且发送一份LSA的copy给该路由器的其他所有邻居。
5.通过LSA泛洪到整个区域，所有的路由器都会形成同样的LSDB
6.当这些路由器的LSDB完全相同时，每一台路由器都将以自己为根，使用SPF算法来计算一个无环路的拓扑图，来描述它所知道的到达每一个目的地的最短路径。这个拓扑图就是SPF算法树（特点是最短和无环）
7.每一个路由器都将从SPF算法树中构建出自己的路由选择表
二．LS型路由协议特点：
1．发送LSA
2．三张表：邻居表、拓朴表、路由表
3．划分area
4.LSA在区域内FLOOD
三．划分区域的好处：
1．减少LSA的FLOOD
2．减少LSDB的长度，减少路由表的条目
3．减少网络拓朴动荡
4．加快转发速度
四．路由器的角色：ABR、ASBR、DR、BDR、DROTHER
五．HELLO协议：
HELLO协议的作用：
1． 它是发现邻居的方法
2． 在两台路由器成邻居之前，协商几个一致的参数
3． 担当 Keepalive角色
4． 它确保邻居路由器之间的双向通信
5． 它用来在一个广播网络或非广播多路访问NBMA网络上选取DR或BDR
HELLO数据包都包含以下信息：
1． 始发R的R ID
2． 始发R接口的区域ID
3． 始发R接口的IP掩码
4． 始发R 的认证类型和认证信息
5． 始发R 的HELLO时间间隔和无效时间间隔
6． R 的优先级
7． DR和BDR
8． 标识可选性能的5个标记位
9． 始发R 的所有有效邻居的R ID
建邻居要匹配的参数：
1． 区域ID
2． 认证密码
3． HELLO time和HOLD time 一致
4． STUB区域
5． 多路访问中子网要一致
6． MTU大小要一样
7. 路由器ID不能一样
六．邻居状态机：
失效状态DOWN——尝试状态Attempt——初始状态Init——双向通信状态2_Way
——信息交换初始状态Exstart——信息交换状态Exchange——
信息加载状态Loading——完全邻接状态Full
七．网络类型：
1．点到点网络 P—TO—P
2．广播型网络broadcast
3.非广播多路访问网络NBMA
4．点到多点网络P-TO-MP
5．虚链路Virtual links
八．DR和BDR的选举
1．邻居R之间建立双向通信后，选取优先级大于0的所有R。这些R都宣称自己为DR，同时也都宣称自己为BDR
2．从以上那些所有R中选取还没有宣告自己为DR的所有路由器子集
3．在以上子集路由器中，有最高优先级的R被选为BDR，在优先级相同的条件下，有最高R ID的路由器被选为BDR
4．如果在以上子集中没有自己宣称自己为BDR，那么有最高优先级的R 将被宣告为BDR，在优先级相同的条件下，有最高路由ID的R 被选为BDR
5．在以上HELLO包中的DR字段包含它们自己的接口地址，那么优先级高的宣告为DR，优先级相同时，有最高R ID的被选为DR
6．如果没有R宣称自己为DR，那么新选取的BDR将成为DR
7．如果正在执行计算的R是新选取的DR或BDR，或它不再是DR或BDR了，那么将重复以上的2—6步骤
注意：在已经选取了DR和BDR后，如果一台有最高优先级的R变为有效了，那么这台新的R 将不会替代DR或BDR的任何一台。因此，DR、BDR没有强制抢夺权
九．OSPF接口状态机：
失效Down——点到点（只用于点到点网络）——等待Waiting——DR——BDR——Drother——Loopback(测试用)
十．建邻接关系的4个阶段：
邻居路由器发现阶段——双向通信阶段（HELLO包中有对方ID时）——数据库同步阶段——完全邻接阶段
十一.OSPF在五种网络类型中的应用
十二.虚链路
十三.LSA的种类
十四.OSPF的汇总
汇总的好处：
1、减少路由条目数
2、使拓扑变化的影响局限在一个小范围内
3、减少了LSA3和LSA5的flood
十五.OSPF的四种特殊区域
十六.OSPF的认证
LOOPBACK是一种特殊的网络类型
发布默认路由
虚链路的区域认证
虚链路的汇总
步骤二(动态路由OSPF配置):
注意哦:R1和R2动态路由OSPF配置要在全局模式下(config)#
R1上的命令:
R1(config)#route ospf 10
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
end
write
R2上的命令:
Router(config)#route ospf 10
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
end
write
步骤三(pc的配置):
pc1的IP 设为192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
pc2的IP 设为192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
我想这个我不用说了吧!!!
B 查看路由配置 用show ip route
R1上显示:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/782] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:29, Serial1/0
R2上显示:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/782] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:29, Serial1/0
C 用PC1机器去PING pc2能通则静态路由配置成功.
A 配置动态路由OSPF
B 查看路由配置OSPF
C 验证动态路由OSPF
本人个人经验所写，有误的话谅。
A 步骤一(基本配置):
R1上的命令:
en
config terminal
hostname R1
interface fastethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
interface serial1/0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
clock rate 72000
no shutdown
R2上的命令:
en
config terminal
hostname R1
interface fasterethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
interface serial1/0
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
clock rate 72000
no shutdown
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