一)一般现在时(表日常行为、习惯、客观情况或按计划安排好的行为等);常见的时间状语有:every day, every morning, often, usually, always, sometimes, once a week, every other day等。
一般现在时有一个要把握的重点是:第三人称单数作主语时,谓语动词要加s或es。
第三人称单数常指单个的人、人名、物体、动物或指示代词等。如:he, she, it, the boy, a man, Liping, my brother, our English teacher, a dog, a city, the river等。
观察下列句子,并把它们改成否定句和疑问句:
1.Lelei has his breakfast at 6:00 every morning.
2.My father watches TV every evening.
3.My parents watch TV every evening.
4.Jack goes to work at 7:30 on weekdays.
5.Tim often plays football with his classmates in the afternoon.
6.There are 60 students in our class.
7.Liming is very interested in geography.
翻译下列句子:
1.珍妮有时上班会迟到。她的老板很生气。_________________________________________________
2.李明喜欢玩电脑游戏。_______________________________________________________________
3.我哥哥每晚上网聊天。_______________________________________________________________
4.李阳是中国人,但他英语讲得非常流利。
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5.李平学习非常刻苦,又常常帮助同学。但他不喜欢做运动
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二)一般过去时(表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或状态,常跟表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last night, last week, a moment ago, just now(刚才), in 1999, last summer, in the past等)
观察下列句子,并把它们改成否定句和疑问句:
1.My head teacher was in the office just now.
2.I heard from Tom last Sunday.
3.They lived in Africa 10 years ago.
4.They enjoyed themselves at the party last Saturday night.
翻译下列句子:
1.我昨天下午在超市买了一双运动鞋。____________________________________________________
2.上个星期天我和父母去了动物园,我们在那儿玩得很开心。________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. 我前几天给叔叔写了一封信。___________________________________________________________
4. 那位音乐家上周就离开伦敦了。________________________________________________________
请常复习不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。
三)现在进行时(1)表示现在正在进行的动作;(2)表示当前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的动作;(3)表示将来有意图或打算的动作) 基本句式(主语+(am, are, is)+doing)
下列句子表达属于上面哪种情况? 并改为疑问句和否定句;
1.The secretary is writing a report in the office (now).
2.The students of Class 3 are planting trees on the hill.
3.Our manager is leaving London for Paris next week.
4.We are working on the farm these days.
5.I’m writing a report on environment protection this month.
翻译下列句子:
1. 我妈妈在看电视,父亲在看报纸。
________________________________________________________________________
2.瞧! 我们班的男孩子在踢足球。
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四)过去进行时(表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作)
基本句式(主语+was\\were+doing)
观察下列句子(注意句子的时间状语)并改为否定句::
1.I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.
2.We were having a chemistry lesson this time yesterday.
3.He was writing an article last week but he hasn’t finished it yet.
4.Mother was cooking when I got home.
5.While we were having supper, John was talking on the phone.
6.We were walking on the street when suddenly we saw a traffic accident.
翻译下列句子:
1.昨天下午4:00 我们在进行排球比赛。_______________________________________________
2.昨天这个时候我们在实验室做实验。
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3. 当我到达火车站的时候,天在下雨。
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4. 当我见到他的时候,他在给孩子们讲故事。
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动词的时态和语态(二)
一般现在时翻译参:
1.Jenny is sometimes late for work. Her boss is very angry. 或者: Jenny is sometimes late for work and his boss is very angry. 2. Liming likes to play computer games. 3. My brother has a net-chat(chats on the net) every evening. 4. Liyang is a Chinese, but he speaks English very fluently(well). 5. Liping works very hard and often helps other students, but he doesn’t like to do sports.
一般过去时参:
1.I bought a pair of shoes in the supermarket yesterday afternoon. 2. My parents and I went to the zoo last Sunday, and we had a good time there. 3. I wrote a letter to my uncle the other day (a few days ago). 4. The musician left London last week.
现在进行时翻译参:
1.My mother is watching TV, while my father is reading a newspaper.
2.Look! The boys of my class are playing football.
过去进行时翻译参:
1.We were having a volleyball match at 4:00 yesterday afternoon.
2.We were doing an experiment in the lab this time yesterday.
3. It was raining when I got to the railway station. 4. He was telling a story to the children when I saw him.
五)一般将来时(用来表示单纯将来的动作、行为和打算)
基本句式 1.主语+will do 2.主语+is\\are going to do
3. I 或We +shall do也可(will do) 4. 主语+be about to do(即将做)
观察下列句子(注意句子的时间状语)
1.We\\I shall/will attend a meeting this afternoon.
2.Professor John will give us a lecture on environmental protection this afternoon.
3.He will take you to the Forbidden City if you come next time.
4.We are going to take part in the dancing party.
5.What are you going to do after you graduate from college?
6.The conference is about to close. (大会即将结束了。)
7.Take an umbrella. It’s about to rain.
8.The meeting will be held in the hall at 4:00 this afternoon.
9.Our manager is coming back in a few days. 或: Our manager will come back in a few days.
六)现在完成时
基本句式 主语+have(has) done
基本使用情况:1. 到现在(目前)为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作,不提及动作的具体时间。
2. 过去的动作持续到现在,不追究动作是否继续。
3. 用在条件和时间状语从句中,表示将来完成的动作(请看例句7、8)。
和现在完成时搭配的常用的时间状语:
recently, lately(最近), so far(到目前为止), already, yet, just(刚刚),today, this week(month, year),never,once, twice, three times, in the past\\last few years(最近几年),before 等
观察下列句子:
1.I have already repaired the VCD player.
2.Ms Nancy has worked in China since 1984.
3.I have collected over 500 Chinese stamps since I came to China last year.
4.They have been married for 50 years.
5.I haven’t heard from Tom so far.
6.He has just come back from abroad.
7.I will go skating with you when I have finished my homework.(也可用finish 代替)
8.Ask Jack to give me a ring when he has come back. (也可用comes back 代替)
9. I have never seen a robot before.
10.I have been to Beijing three times.
注意:短暂动词不能用于完成时表示持续性:如:
leave, join, receive, hear from, begin, start, marry, get married, die, buy, borrow, come, go, get up, fall asleep等。另外:短暂动词的否定形式可以表延续, 如:
1.I haven’t heard from John for several months. 2. I haven’t seen you for a long time.
下列句型可用短暂动词表延续(请背熟)
1. It is three weeks since he left. 2. It is 10 years since they got married.
翻译下列句子:
1.我已经把那本书还给图书馆了。______________________________________________________
2.我父亲入党已经20年了。__________________________________________________________
3.到目前为止,我没收到麦克的来信。__________________________________________________
4.我爷爷在北京住了50多年了。________________________________________________________
5.我从来没有去过。_____________________________________________________________
6.他最近英语取得了很大的进步。______________________________________________________
七)过去完成时(表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作,也叫过去的过去)
基本句式 主语+had done
观察和熟读下列句子(留意时间状语)
1.Einstein had learned advanced maths by the time he was 14.
2.The film had begun when I got to the cinema.
3.Karl Marx had learned some English before he came to London.
4.I had finished writing the article by 11:00 last night.
5.The workers had completed the bridge by the end of last month.
6.Tom said he had visited the Great Wall before.
7.I didn’t go to see the movie last night because I had seen it.
8.They had lived in Beijing for 10 years before they moved to Shanghai.
翻译下列句子:
1.当我到达机场的时候,飞机已经起飞了。
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2. 老师进来的时候,同学们已把作业做完了。
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3. 玛莉说她已收集了500 多张中国硬币了。
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4. Mike 在来我们学校之前在上海教过五年书。
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5. 当我到家的时候, 哥哥已经把电脑修好了。______________________________________________
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动词的时态和语态(三)
现在完成时参考译文:
1.I have already returned the book to the library.
2.My father has been a Party member for 20 years. 或It is 20 years since my father joined the Party.
3.I haven’t heard from Mike so far. I haven’t received a letter from Mike so far.
4.My grandfather has lived in Beijing for over/more than 50 years..
5.I have never been to Hong Kong.
6. He has made good\\great\\much progress in English recently. Or: His English has improved greatly recently.
过去完成时参考译文:
1.The plane had taken off when I got to (reached, arrived at) the airport.
2.The students had finished\\done their homework by the time (when) the teacher came in.
3.Mary said she had collected over/more than 500 Chinese coins.
4.Mike had taught in Shanghai for 5 years before he came to our school.
5.Brother had repaired the computer when I got /arrived home.
八)现在完成进行时(仅供参考)(表示过去的动作持续到现在,并仍在(或很可能在)继续)
基本句式 主语+have\\has been doing
观察下列句子
1.I have been living in Boluo since I began to work here in 1985.(还在住)
2.The reporter has been writing a report about pollution this week.(还没写完, 可能还在写)
3.We have been learning English for more than six years.(还在学)
4.What terrible weather! It has been raining for 6 days.(仍在下雨)
翻译下列句子:
1. 李君是我们现在的物理老师。他在这所学校教了20多年了。________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3.你已经开车开了十多个小时了,我想你应该找个旅馆好好休息一下吧。
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九)一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别
观察下列句子,体会并理解几种时态的区别:
1.Tom has just cleaned the sitting-room.
2. Tom cleaned the sitting-room just now( a moment ago).
3. Tom had cleaned the sitting-room before/when his mother came home from work.
4. Tom was cleaning the sitting-room when his mother came home from work.
又看:
1. My brother has already repaired the computer.
2. My brother repaired the computer yesterday.
3. My brother had repaired the computer when I got home.
4. My brother was repairing the computer when I got home.
注意: 这几种时态的区分主要看时间状语, 一般过去时常有过去的时间状语, 现在完成时表达已经做了, 但没有具体的过去时间; 过去完成时一定要有两个过去的时间, 表达在过去某个时间或动作之前所做的动作。 (请同学们多看例句,熟读并消化例句)
十)过去将来时(在过去的某个时间说(看)将来发生的动作)
基本句式 主语+would do, 主语+was/were going to do,
观察下列句子(注意过去将来时所运用的语言环境)
Tom said he would help me with my English.
She asked me if\\whether I was going to play the guitar at the party.
I was sure they would succeed.
The chief-editor wanted to know when the journalist would finish the report.
动 词 的 被 动 语 态
观察下列句子(留意各种时态和情态动词的被动语态)
1.English is spoken in many countries.
2.The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.
3.A new car factory will be built in this city this year.
4.Wangwei was praised by the teacher for what he had done.
5.The foreign experts were warmly welcomed by the local government.
6.I can’t drive you there. My car is being repaired in the garage.
7.The trees are being watered by the students.
8.The president was being interviewed when the foreign mininster arrived.
9.My car has already been repaired.
10.My car had been repaired when I came back.
11.The work must be finished today.
12.The old should/ought to be respected.
你能归纳出被动语态的基本结构吗?如(1)一般现在时:主语+(am,are,is)+done,
(2)一般过去时:主语+________________ (3)一般将来时:主语+_________________
(4)现在进行时:主语+________________ (5)过去进行时:主语+_________________
(6)现在完成时:主语+________________ (7)过去完成时:主语+_________________
(8)情态动词用法:主语+___________________
请用the house, clean 和the car, repair 造出各种时态及含有情态动词的被动态的句子:(要注意被动态的基本结构,并努力在句中创造一个能使用不同时态的语境)
例如:The house is cleaned every day. (一般现在时)
The car was repaired yesterday.(一般过去时)
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动词的时态和语态(四)
现在完成进行时翻译参:
1.Lijun is our physics teacher. He has been teaching in this school for over/more than 20 years.
2.You have been driving for over 10 hours. I think you’d better/should find a hotel to have a good rest.
用各种时态被动态造句参考
1.The house was cleaned yesterday. 2.The house is being cleaned now.
3. The house will be cleaned tomorrow. 4.The house was being cleaned when I came in.
5. The house has just been cleaned. 6. The house had been cleaned when I got home.
7. The house must be cleaned right away. The house should be cleaned every day.
用动词的适当形式填空(请注意时间状语):
1. My brother __________ (stay) in Beijing for 5 days last summer vocation.
2.They _____________ (live) in Beijing for 10 years before they moved to Shanghai.
3.Mr. Jones _________ (work) in Beijing now. He ___________________ (live) in Beijing since 1990.
4.We __________________ (have) a chemistry lesson this time yesterday.
5.I ________________ (visit) over 50 places of interest since I came to China last year.
6.Jim _____________ (make) great progress in his maths recently.
7.The meeting ___________ (begin) when I got to the office.
8.The fire _____________________ (put out) when the firemen arrived at the building.
9.The workers ___________________ (complete) the project by the end of last year.
10.You ______________________ (play) computer games for 4 hours. You really need a rest.
11.I won’t go to the cinema with you because I ___________ (see) the film last week.
12.The computer _________ (play) an important role in our daily life but it __________ (invent) only last century.
13.Tom ____________ (do) his homework and he is going to play computer games.
14.Tom ____________ (do) his homework when his parents came back from work.
15.Tom usually____________ (do) his homework after school in the afternoon.
16.Tom ____________ (do) his homework after he had his supper.
17.My English was very poor and Tom said he ______________ (help) me with my English.
18.A new toy factory _________________ (build) in our hometown next year.
19.The director ____________________ (interview) now. I’m afraid he can’t meet you at the moment.
20.The old in our village enjoy a happy life because they _____________________ (take good care of).
21.The murderer _________________________ (catch) by a PLA man when the police arrived.
22.The office building ________________________ (burn down) when the firefighters came.
23.The 2012 Olympic Games ____________________ (hold) in London, Britain.
24.The car __________________ (repair) last night and I can drive it to Guangzhou today.
25.The problem _____________________ (discuss) now.
26. The problem _____________________ (discuss) tomorrow.
27.Liming is our monitor. He ______________ (get up) early every day. He _____________ (listen) to the teacher carefully in class. He ____________ (go) to the library to read newspapers every afternoon.
用动词的适当形式填空:
1. stayed(不可用现在完成时) 2. had lived 3. is working/works; has been living 4. were having 5. have visited 6. has made
7. had begun 8. had been put out 9. had completed 10. have been playing 11. saw 12. plays, was invented
13. has done14. was doing/had done 15. does 16. did 17. would help 18. will be built 19. is being interviewed
20. are taken good care of 21. had been caught 22. had been burned down
23.will be held/ 24. was repaired 25. is being discussed 26. will be discussed 27. gets up, listens, goes
英 语 句 型 复 习 概 括
一、简单句基本结构
1.主语+谓语 如: He returned to China last week. John works very hard in his company.
2.主语+谓语+宾语 I enjoy listening to pop music. He plays computer games every day.
3.主语+系动词+表语 如:I was excited to hear the news. Jim is very lazy.
4.主语+谓语+宾语+补语 如:We must keep our classroom clean ever day. She asked
her students to concentrate on the passage. The accident caused over 100 people to die.
5.主语+谓语+双宾语 如:The headmaster gave the boy two books. He told me the news
yesterday. My parents bought me a new bike last week.
另外还有 祈使句 Don’t be too nervous. Keep on trying.
二、并列句(用一个连词连起来的两句话)
常见的并列连词有: and, so, but, for(因为),or( 或者,否则) , otherwise(否则),
when(就在那时), not only….but also, 等等。
观察并读熟下列句子:
1.Tim is a kind man and he often helps his neighbours.
2. There are 60 students in our class and most of them are League member.
3. Hurry up or you’ll be late for school.
4. It’s raining hard so we can’t go for a picnic.
5. They were very tired but nobody wanted to have a rest.
6. We were talking happily when suddenly a man rushed in.