表3 中国出口商品总额与国内生产总值 (单位:亿元)
时间 | 出口商品总额 EXPORT | 国内生产总值 GDP | 时间 | 出口商品总额 EXPORT | 国内生产总值 GDP |
1991 | 2004 | ||||
1992 | 2005 | ||||
1993 | 2006 | ||||
1994 | 2007 | ||||
1995 | 2008 | ||||
1996 | 2009 | ||||
1997 | 2010 | ||||
1998 | 2011 | ||||
1999 | 2012 | ||||
2000 | 2013 | ||||
2001 | 2014 | ||||
2002 | 2015 | ||||
2003 |
(1) 根据以上数据,建立适当线性回归模型。
(2) 试分别用White检验法与ARCH检验法检验模型是否存在异方差
(3) 如果存在异方差,用适当方法加以修正。
解:(1)
Dependent Variable: Y | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 15:38 | ||||
Sample: 1991 2015 | ||||
Included observations: 25 | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | +10 | Schwarz criterion | ||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat |
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
(2)white: 该模型存在异方差
Heteroskedasticity Test: White | |||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(2,22) | ||||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | ||||
Scaled explained SS | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | ||||
Test Equation: | |||||
Dependent Variable: RESID^2 | |||||
Method: Least Squares | |||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 17:45 | |||||
Sample: 1991 2015 | |||||
Included observations: 25 | |||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. | |
C | +09 | +09 | |||
X^2 | |||||
X | |||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | +09 | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | +09 | |||
. of regression | +09 | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | +20 | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | ||||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | ||||
Prob(F-statistic) | |||||
Heteroskedasticity Test: ARCH | ||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(1,22) | |||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(1) | |||
Test Equation: | ||||
Dependent Variable: RESID^2 | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 19:55 | ||||
Sample (adjusted): 1992 2015 | ||||
Included observations: 24 after adjustments | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | +08 | +08 |
RESID^2(-1) | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | +09 | ||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | +09 | ||
. of regression | +09 | Akaike info criterion | ||
Sum squared resid | +20 | Schwarz criterion | ||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
Dependent Variable: Y | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 20:46 | ||||
Sample: 1991 2015 | ||||
Included observations: 25 | ||||
Weighting series: W2 | ||||
Weight type: Inverse variance (average scaling) | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X | ||||
Weighted Statistics | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var |
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | +09 | Schwarz criterion | ||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | Weighted mean dep. | |||
Unweighted Statistics | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Sum squared resid | +10 |
Heteroskedasticity Test: White | ||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(2,22) | |||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Scaled explained SS | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Test Equation: | ||||
Dependent Variable: WGT_RESID^2 | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 20:41 | ||||
Sample: 1991 2015 | ||||
Included observations: 25 | ||||
Collinear test regressors dropped from specification | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X*WGT^2 | ||||
WGT^2 | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | +16 | Schwarz criterion | ||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
表的数据是2011年各地区建筑业总产值(X)和建筑业企业利润总额(Y)。
表 各地区建筑业总产值(X)和建筑业企业利润总额(Y) (单位:亿元)
地 区 | 建筑业总产值X | 建筑业企业利润总额Y | 地 区 | 建筑业总产值X | 建筑业企业利润总额Y |
北 京 | 湖 北 | ||||
天 津 | 湖 南 | ||||
河 北 | 广 东 | ||||
山 西 | 广 西 | ||||
内蒙古 | 海 南 | ||||
辽 宁 | 重 庆 | ||||
吉 林 | 四 川 | ||||
黑龙江 | 贵 州 | ||||
上 海 | 云 南 | ||||
江 苏 | 西 藏 | ||||
浙 江 | 陕 西 | ||||
安 徽 | 甘 肃 | ||||
福 建 | 青 海 | ||||
江 西 | 宁 夏 | ||||
山 东 | 新 疆 | ||||
河 南 |
根据样本资料建立回归模型,分析建筑业企业利润总额与建筑业总产值的关系,并判断模型是否存在异方差,如果有异方差,选用最简单的方法加以修正。
解:散点图:
建立线性回归模型:
Dependent Variable: Y | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:16 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat |
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
Heteroskedasticity Test: White | ||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(2,28) | |||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Scaled explained SS | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Test Equation: | ||||
Dependent Variable: RESID^2 | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:19 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X^2 | ||||
X | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
模型修正:加权最小二乘法
Dependent Variable: Y | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:24 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Weighting series: W2 | ||||
Weight type: Inverse variance (average scaling) | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X | ||||
Weighted Statistics | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var |
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | Weighted mean dep. | |||
Unweighted Statistics | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Sum squared resid | |||
Durbin-Watson stat | ||||
Heteroskedasticity Test: White | ||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(2,28) | |||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Scaled explained SS | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Test Equation: | ||||
Dependent Variable: WGT_RESID^2 | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:25 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Collinear test regressors dropped from specification | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X*WGT^2 | ||||
WGT^2 | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
表是2015年中国各地区人均可支配收入(X)与居民每百户汽车拥有量(Y)的数据。
表 中国各地区人均可支配收入X与居民每百户汽车拥有量
时间 | 人均可支配收入(元) X | 居民每百户汽车拥有量(辆)Y | 时间 | 人均可支配收入(元) X | 居民每百户汽车拥有量(辆)Y |
北 京 | 湖 北 | ||||
天 津 | 湖 南 | ||||
河 北 | 广 东 | ||||
山 西 | 广 西 | ||||
内蒙古 | 海 南 | ||||
辽 宁 | 重 庆 | ||||
吉 林 | 四 川 | ||||
黑龙江 | 贵 州 | ||||
上 海 | 云 南 | ||||
江 苏 | 西 藏 | ||||
浙 江 | 陕 西 | ||||
安 徽 | 甘 肃 | ||||
福 建 | 青 海 | ||||
江 西 | 宁 夏 | ||||
山 东 | 新 疆 | ||||
河 南 |
(2)选用适当方法检验模型是否存在异方差,并说明存在异方差的理由。
(3)如果存在异方差,用适当方法修正。
解:(1)
散点图:
建立线性回归模型
Dependent Variable: Y | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:32 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat |
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
(2)模型检验:white检验
Heteroskedasticity Test: White | ||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(2,28) | |||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Scaled explained SS | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Test Equation: | ||||
Dependent Variable: RESID^2 | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:35 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X^2 | ||||
X | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||
在下,查 分布表
分布表得临界值
存在异方差
(3)模型修正:加权最小二乘法
Dependent Variable: Y | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:54 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Weighting series: W2 | ||||
Weight type: Inverse variance (average scaling) | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X | ||||
Weighted Statistics | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var |
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | Weighted mean dep. | |||
Unweighted Statistics | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Sum squared resid | |||
Durbin-Watson stat | ||||
Heteroskedasticity Test: White | ||||
F-statistic | Prob. F(2,28) | |||
Obs*R-squared | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Scaled explained SS | Prob. Chi-Square(2) | |||
Test Equation: | ||||
Dependent Variable: WGT_RESID^2 | ||||
Method: Least Squares | ||||
Date: 04/18/20 Time: 21:54 | ||||
Sample: 1 31 | ||||
Included observations: 31 | ||||
Collinear test regressors dropped from specification | ||||
Variable | Coefficient | Std. Error | t-Statistic | Prob. |
C | ||||
X*WGT^2 | ||||
WGT^2 | ||||
R-squared | Mean dependent var | |||
Adjusted R-squared | . dependent var | |||
. of regression | Akaike info criterion | |||
Sum squared resid | Schwarz criterion | |||
Log likelihood | Hannan-Quinn criter. | |||
F-statistic | Durbin-Watson stat | |||
Prob(F-statistic) | ||||