一、连线
P2 Geoffrey Chaucer :作品《the house of fame》 《troilus and criseyde》 《the canterbury tales》
P9 Francis Bacon :作品《the advancement of learning》 《Novum Organum》 《Essays》 《the new atlantis》P33 《of studies》(论学习)
P10William Shakespeare 《hamle》《the merchant of venice》 《othello》《king lear》 《macberth》P28 sonnet(十四行诗)
P39 John Bunyan 《the pilgrim's progress》(天路历程)
An excerpt from part I of P46 古典主义的三个特征:order ,good taste , restrained emotion P47 Daniel Defore :(作品)《robinson crusoe》代表人物Friday P48 Jonathan Swift:(satirist)讽刺家 《a tale of a tub》 《the battle of the Books》《gulliver's travels》 《modest proposal》P54 P50 Alexander Pope 《the essay on man》 P67浪漫主义的特征 emotion P78 William Blake :《the chimney sweeper》 二、威尼斯商人 《the merchant of venice》 人物: Duck of venice Antonio Shylock Bassanio Portia In the town that named Venice, a young man named Bassanio,who fell love in Portia ,a daughter of the rich .in order to marry her, Bassnio had to borrow money from his best friend Antonio. However, because of tranport, Antonio temporarily can not hand out so much money. So he was forced to the other rich Jewish money lender Shylock to borrow the money. Antonio and Shylock do not like each other. Bur Shylock agrees to lend money to Antonio , and does not admit his interest; but Shylock made a strange request: If Antonio defaults, he would cut him from the pound of flesh Antonio. Bassanio win the beauty, but Shylock that Antonio lost at sea, all the news of the investment, he decided to recover the loan Antonio. In court, Shylock and Antonio asked him to fulfill the contract. Portia posing as lawyers, as Antonio debate, making Shylock's plan was not met. Portia Shylock in accordance with the contractual provisions agreed to cut Antonio's pound of flesh, but cut the pound of flesh must be in strict accordance with contract enforcement, is no more and no less cut cut, not one drop of blood, this does not harm the life of Antonio. Shylock can not do, had to admit defeat. Thus, Portia cleverly saved Antonio's life. 三、名词解释 1、Critical Realism(批判现实主义):Since most of the writers during this period realistically showed the society as it was, their works came to the be called realistic writings. They realistically depicted life around them, identified their characters with their surroundings,and sometimes achieved psychological penetration. Familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday scenes were represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. Realism focus on commonness of the lives of the common people who are customarily ignored by the arts . Realists wrote about individual characters confronted by hardships and moral dilemmas;about human nature:cruelty,greed,and stupidity. 2、Tragedy(悲剧):A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow,especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw,moral weakness ,or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances. 3、Romanticism(浪漫主义):Amid these social conflicts,the new literary trend Romanticism appeared. Generally,romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with the development of capitalism. But owing to difference in political attitudes,they split into two schools:the passive romanticists represented by Wordsworth,Coleridge and the active romanticists represented by Byron,Shelley and Keats. 4、Enlightenment(启蒙运动):With the advent of the 18th century,in England,as in other European countries,there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole,was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The ego go inequality,stagnation,prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people. 5、Humanism(人文主义):Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. It reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class,which saw the world opening before it. According to the humanists,both man and world are hindering only by external checks from infinite improvement. Man could mould the world according to his desires and attain checks by the exercise of reason. 6、Classicism(古典主义):The classicists modeled after Greek and Roman authors,and tried to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Roman works. Rhymed couplet instead of blank verse,the three unities……the unities of time,place and action,regularity in construction,and the presentation of types rather than individuals.