英语长难句每日一练共17期(沪江)

系统解析英语长难句~从典型句法入手，循序渐进；分类突破长难句，化难为易。大家一起学习突破长难句~为阅读、翻译、写作乃至整个英语能力的提升打下坚实的基础~~^_^~~（from老蒋笔记）

第一期名词性从句希望和大家一起学习共同进步哟(*^__^*)

长难句来啦~

(1)That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.

（That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested）是That 引导名词从句作主语，谓语动词是proved，to be false 是不定式做表语。

在主语从句中，主语是timber，as much as one-fourth of all 是主语timber 的前置定语，harvested 是timber 的后置定语，谓语是is not used.

此句中That引导的名词性从句置于句首，表面上看头重脚轻，实际这是一种语言修饰，是一种强调手段。

注：timber 木材harvest 收割，收获

（2）Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

注：此处的finance 因为有-ing结尾，故是动词的用法，意为“财政支持”。不能简单地理解为名词词义“财政”；pure science纯科学；expense花费，消费；at the expense of 相当于at the price/cost of 以……为代价；drive驱赶，驱动；the driving force 动力，驱动力量。

结构分析：(Whether the Government...or vice versa) depends on the issue (of which...); whether 引导名词性从句作句子的主语，谓语是动词短语depends on, 宾语是the issue, 其后面的of which...是介词短语做the issue 的后置定语。

值得注意的是在of后面which引导的名词性从句是作of的宾语，即宾语从句.

故此句有2个名词性从句，whether 和which各引导一个，分别做句子的主语和介词宾语.

噔噔噔~作业来也——翻译以上2个例句，认真翻译的童鞋每次奖励100沪元~

以下回复可见：

1 所有砍伐的木材有多达四分之一没有被利用，结果证明这是错误的。

2 究竟是应减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。

第二期名词性从句

（1）Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.

讲解：(Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind) is hard to say.括号中whether 引导的名词性从句是此句的主语，谓语是系动词is, hard是表语，to say 是状语。括号中的主语从句里，主语是growth，谓语动词是means，宾语是death，remarkable 和of organized camping 是从句主语growth 的前、后置定语。Eventual 和of the more important kind 是从句宾语death的前、后置定语。

注释：remarkable显著的，非同寻常的

（2）It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams.

讲解：（It）is also （the argument of these sports executives）（that television is harming the modest teams.）其中，it 是形式主语，为避免句式的头重脚轻，代替了that 主语从句，此句的句式结构为（That television is harming the modest teams ）is also （the argument of these sports executives.）

注释：argument：主张，观点

executive: 行政人员，管理人员

实地演练：

（3）It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.

今天的作业！~翻译前2个句子和第三个实地演练的句子~回复可见答案。

1 有组织野营活动的显著增长是否意味着较野营活动的消亡还很难说。

2 这些体育管理者还认为电视正在给那些低调球队带来伤害。

3 二三十页资料的思想和情报会让当今的世界天翻地覆，甚至毁灭这个世界。这是个离奇的想法，不过我认为它是正确的。

解析：It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, //that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.It 是形式主语代替that引导的名词性从句，谓语动词是is, 表语是并列名词短语a strange thought but a correct one，I believe是插入语。That引导的主语从句里，twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information是从句主语。

注释：the present-day world 当今世界

Turn,.....upside and down 把……搞得天翻地覆

第三期

(1)While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions.

【结构分析】：此句的整体结构可拆分为：While it’s true that…,//it is true that…and that…, 逗号前第一段中，While（相当于although）引导的是让步状语从句，从句里面it是形式主语，代替后面that引导的主语从句that we all need a career；

逗号后面的第二段是主句，结构是形式主语it代替两个并列的that主语从句；在并列的第一个that 从句中，far removed from our own是过去分词短语做fields的后置定语。

【知识链接】：civilization文明；accumulate积累，积聚

incredible令人难以置信的；amount数量（常用于不可数名词）；

while it is true that…, it’s equally true that…可提炼为写作句型，“尽管事实上…但同样的事实是…”

（2）It is recounted of Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle’s.

【结构分析】：It is recounted of Carlyle//that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying (with him) (in his pocket )what remained of a bottle of medicine （formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle’s）.

第一段是此句的主干，主语是形式主语it（指代后面真正的that主语从句），谓语动词是is recounted , of Carlyle 是范围状语。难点在于that从句是一个结构相对复杂的复合句，when引导的从句是其中的时间状语从句，其中Henry是friend的同位语；he went off immediately to visit him才是that 从句里的主干。Carrying 是went off的伴随状语，它的宾语是what从句，因为长的缘故（避免头重脚轻）被后置，和carrying发生了分割；而最后面的(with him) (in his pocket )则是carrying 的伴随和方式状语。formerly prescribed…是过去分词短语作其前面medicine的后置定语。

【知识链接】:recount:叙述，记载；formerly先前；prescribe开药方；indisposition小恙，不舒服

勤学巧练：翻译前2个例句~以及接下来的练习句——

（3）It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually die of old age, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. 1）尽管事实上我们都需要一个职业，但同样的事实是：我们的文明在那些被冷落的领域已经积聚了大量的知识，并且如果对这些领域的贡献加以研究，我们的生活将会更加美好。

（2）据说卡莱尔有过这样一回事:他听说朋友亨利病了，就立刻跑去看他，衣袋里装上了他妻子不舒服时吃剩下的一瓶药。

（3）我们发现最不愉快的事实之一就是，我们必然会这样老去，即使我们能避开战争、意外事故和各种疾病，我们也最终会寿终正寝；并且人与人之间的几率相差无几，我们最有可能死去的年龄在六十五至八十岁之间。

【结构分析】：It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries （which we all make）that we must decline in this way, //that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually die of old age, //and that this happens at a rate(which differs little from person to person), so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty.此句it是形式主语代替后面三个并列的that从句, which we all make是前面discovered的定语从句。第三个that从句尤其复杂：主语this指代前面的that从句内容，happens 是谓语动词，at a rate是方式状语，which differs from person to person引导定语从句修饰rate，so that从句引导结果状语从句修饰动词happens，表示其结果。

[知识链接]：make a discovery做个发现；decline减弱；at a rate:以…几率

There are heavy odds in favor of… (句型)很有可能会…

第四期今天的内容由主语从句变为宾语从句！童鞋们要仔细看哦！~

句子1: Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

[结构分析]：Some philosophers argue （that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements）.Some philosophers是主语，argue是谓语动词，that引导名词性从句做宾语（即宾语从句）；在that宾语从句中，主语是rights，谓语是exist，结词短语only within...和as part of... 分别是动词exist等等范围状语和方式状语。

【知识链接】：philosopher哲学家entitlements:利益，权利（entitle授权）

句子2：The phrase"substance abuse" is often used instead of "drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

[结构分析]:The phrase"substance abuse" is often used (instead of "drug abuse")( to make clear that substances (such as alcohol and tobacco) can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine).

主语是the phrase，之后的"substance abuse"是其同位语；谓语是is used；不定式目的状语to make clear后面承接了一个that引导的名词从句，做make clear的宾语，在此宾语从句里，括号部分such as...又做了substances的后置定语，故宾语从句的主干可简写作：that substances...can be as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

【知识链接】：substance：物质，特殊类的物质；cocaine可卡因；make clear that...弄清楚，确保。

活学现用！翻译上两个例句，以及下面的练习，好好做作业的童鞋奖励100沪元~

3.It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest.

答案回复可见~喜欢本节目的同学们快快订阅吧！~对本节目有什么意见和建议希望大家踊跃提出！~ 1)有些哲学家认为：权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权利交换双方中的一方。

2）“麻醉品滥用”一词常用来代替“毒品滥用”，这是为了说明：像烟、酒这类物质如果滥用的话，也会和海洛因和可卡因一样有害。

3）必须认识到，这些建立在相同前提基础上的信仰风俗（比方说超自然的东西），必须放在一起加以考虑。我们自己的风俗和其他民族的风俗都在其中。

【结构分析】：It was necessary to recognize //that these institutions( which are based on the same premises), (let us say the supernatural), must be considered together, our own among the rest.

第一段是句子的主干，其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to recognize...,而第二段中that 引导的名词性从句是动词recognize的宾语，在此从句里，these institutions 是主语，must be considered together是谓语部分，our own among the rest是主格结构作伴随状语，括号里的which部分是定语从句修饰前面的institutions, 第二个括号里内容是插入语。

[知识链接]：institution机构，信仰，制度premise前提；let us say比如说the rest 剩余的

第五期

下面请看句子~依旧是宾语从句：

1）More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim, but close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the skeptics’ fears.

[结构分析]：More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms (by encouraging the suspicion )(that the new package will not deliver the changes )(that its supporters claim), //but close analysis(of what is inevitably a very complicated package )might confirm the skeptics’ fears.

整体来讲，此句是由并列连词but连接的一个并列句；前面的分句比较复杂：主语是the escape clauses，谓语是could undermine, 宾语是the reforms, 括号中by encouraging…是方式状语修饰动词undermine，表示其方式，而在此状语中，suspicion 后的that 引导同位语从句对suspicion内容进行解释，而在此同位语从句中，changes后的that引导定语从句修饰先行词changes，在第二段的并列分句中，主语是analysis，谓语是might confirm，宾语是fears, 但此处的括号部分应给与关注，本质上是介词of+(what名词从句)构成的一个特殊的介词短语，作analysis的后置定语，所以此处的what从句在本质上是介词of的宾语从句。

【知识链接】：clause：（合同等的）条款；undermine：暗中破坏；suspicion：怀疑；package：包裹，一揽子交易；deliver：递送，发表演说等；close（此处意为）仔细的；inevitably不可避免地；confirm证实，批准；skeptic怀疑者，持怀疑态度的人；

policy：。

这个句子好长！~~~~举一反三练一练~~~~~~

作业：翻译上句，以及下面的这个句子~~~练习句的解析回复可见，翻译答案回复可见~~~不要灌水哟。

2）A leader should show that he or she values the input of subordinates---for example, by involving them in decisions about matters in which they have a direct stake.

[结构分析]：A leader should show that he or she values the input of subordinates---for example, by involving them in decisions about matters in which they have a direct stake.此句的主语是leader，谓语是should show, 括号中的that部分是show的宾语从句，by doing 结构是谓语动词show的方式状语，在此部分中about matters 是decisions的后置定语，而in which they have a direct stake 则是matters的定语从句。

【知识链接】input输入，投入（此处引申为“参与”）subordinate下属，下级；involve (in)使卷入，引申为“使参与”；stake赌金，此处引申为“利害关系”。

翻译答案：1）更广泛来讲，例外条款会激起人们的怀疑，使他们认为新计划不会带来其支持者所宣称的改变。由此，例外条款会给改革带来破坏。但是，对于一项不可避免而又相当复杂计划的仔细分析或许会证实怀疑者的疑虑。

2）一个领导者应该表现出他或她对下属参与的重视——例如，可以邀请他们参与那些和他们有直接利害关系事务的决定。

第六期今天进入表语从句的练习~\\(≧▽≦)/~啦~~

1）The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that there efforts are but contributionsto an unending process.

这句初读有点怪异啊~~分析之

【结构分析】The irony （of the historian’s craft）is that its practitioners always know that there efforts are but contributions（to an unending process.）

此句的主语是The irony(后面括号里的of短语是其后置定语)，谓语是系动词is, that引导名词性从句作表语（即表语从句），在表语从句中，谓语动词know后又接that从句，也是名词性从句，是做动词know的宾语（即宾语从句）。在画线的宾语从句部分，but做only/just解，句末括号中的不定式短语是contributions的后置定语。所以此句共有2个that从句，分别作表语和宾语。

【知识链接】：irony讽刺性；craft手/工艺,行/职业，船，飞行器；例如：~union：同行公会；Practitioner（源自practice）从业者，实践者；but相当于only, just仅仅；unending无休止的，没有尽头的（接近endless）

举一反三练一练——

2）What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

作业：翻译上面2个句子！答案及解析回复可见

1)历史学家这一行的讽刺性就在于从业者清楚地知道他们的努力只不过是对无休止的过程的付出而已。

2) 商界认为他们正主导的生产力是否属实是更加难以定论的事情。

小编私自认为~这句如果这么翻效果会better——（商界认为他们正在主导生产力，这是否属实是更难以定论的事情。）

【结构分析】（What is harder to establish）is （whether the productivity revolutionthat businessmen assume they are presiding overis for real.）此句主语是what引导的名词性从句（即主语从句），谓语是系动词is，表语是whether引导的名词性从句（即表语从句），此表语从句中，主语是the productivity revolution, 谓语是is, 表语是固定搭配for real, 画线部分是that引导的定语从句修饰revolution.

【知识链接】：establish建立，确定；preside over主持，主导

第七期今天练习同位语喔！

1）Levi Coffin, a teacher raised in North Carolina, explained,“The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about the color.”

[结构分析]：双逗号中的a teacher（raised in North Carolina）是主语Levin Coffin 的同位语，raised in North Carolina是a teacher的后置定语。双引号内容是explained的宾语从句。in bidding…是从句谓语动词said的时间状语。

【知识链接】：raise抚养；North Carolina北卡罗莱纳（州名）；bid命令，要求；clothe提供衣物；the naked裸露者

~~~~~上面这个句子比较简单~~~~下面来做练习

作业：1，翻译上述例句；

2，翻译句2）——

In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

1）作为一名从小在北卡长大的教师，Levi Coffin解释说：“圣经在要求我们给那些食不果腹者提供食物、给那些衣不蔽体者提供衣物的同时，只字未提肤色问题。

2）在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团即那些将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起的集团一直以来都非常成功，而且越来越好。

【结构分析】：句子拆分如下：In Europe, as elsewhere// multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: //groups (which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses )(that work in relation to one another).第一段中，In Europe是句子的地点状语；as elsewhere是句子的比较状语；第二段是句子的主干：multi-mediagroups是主语，冒号后面的groups which…是主语groups的同位语，which引导的定语从句对groups进行内容解释。此句的同位语因其自身较长而后置，并用冒号加以强调；在which引导的定语从句里，that又引导定语从句对前面的五个并列先行词television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses进行修饰说明。

【知识链接】：multi-media groups传媒集团；bring…together将……聚集，组合；publishing house出版社，in relation to 与……相关联。

【第八期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~名词性从句之同位语从句（2)

下面来看句子——依旧是同位语从句——

1）This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 19.

[结构分析]：句子拆分：This alone demonstrates //that the television business is not an easy world (to survive in), //a fact( underlined by statistics)( that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 19).

第二段的that引导名词性从句，作谓语动词demonstrates的宾语，其中括号部分的不定式短语to survive in是an easy world的后置定语；

第三段是要强调的重点，a fact是前面that宾语从句的同位语，后面的underlined by statistics是过去分词短语作a fact的后置定语；在statistics后面的that show…是定语从句，修饰先行词statistics；在此部分还要关注show后面的又一个that从句，它是show的宾语从句，表示数据的内容。

【知识链接】：alone若置于所修饰名词后，常作定语，可译为“单单，仅仅”；demonstrate相当于show表明；a fact underlined by statistics一个有数据可证明的事实；take a loss亏损。

活学活用！——

句2）：Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed.作业：翻译句子1,2.

句1：这一点就足以证明，要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实，在80个欧洲电视网中，19年出现亏损的多达一半。

2:

【结构分析】：Imagine the effect（on a reasonably advanced technological society）,one(that still does not possess the bomb), (of making it aware of the possibility), (of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed). one是前面society的同位语，其后的that引导定语从句，修饰one，对其做进一步解释。最后面的两个of短语是effect的两个后置定语，因较长被置于句末，此句正常语序是：Imagine the effect of… of…, on…; 另外，要关注此句的整体句式是个祈使句，如：Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully cooked wallet and notes turned to ash.当他们发现煮过的钱包面目全非、钞票已经化为灰烬时，可以想象他们的沮丧程度。

【知识链接】the effect on对……的影响；sufficient足够的

此句翻译：对于一个技术相当先进却没拥有此的国家而言，如果使其意识到这一可能，并向其提供足够的造弹细节，可以想象后果何其严重。

第九期考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~名词性从句之同位语从句（3)

句1：If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

[结构分析]：句子拆分：If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, //a refinement(of the Big Bang)( called the inflationary universe theory).

句子主干结构是第一段：“If引导的条件句+主句”，其中look as expected 是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和预想的一样”；a refinement of the Big Bang和前面的yet another scientific idea是同位语关系。

【知识链接】：hot spots热点；triumph胜利；yet another…又一个…;refinement提炼，改进；inflationary膨胀的；

活学活用！下面来看练习句2——

2. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

作业：翻译句1和句2.

句1：假如那些小热点看上去同预期的一致，那就意味着又一科学理论的胜利，也就是经过完善的大爆炸论——宇宙膨胀说。

句2：【结构分析】：Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, //a character(who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself).

第一段是句子的主干：主语是we, 谓语是固定搭配have a certain conception of(对…有特定了解)，宾语是the American citizen；第二段是应关注的焦点：who引导的定语从句是个复合句，修饰a character；其中if又引导条件状语从句，而在此条件状语从句中，谓语动词assess后又接了how引导的宾语从句，此外，在括号的定语从句中，incomplete和cannot构成双重否定结构，表示肯定。

【知识链接】：rather确切的讲（放在句首时）；a certain特定的，某种程度上的；incomplete不完整的；competently称职地，胜任地；assess评估；livelihood生计;

翻译：确切地讲，我们对于美国公民有特定的了解：他们通常能够正确地评估身外之物对自身生计和幸福的影响程度，否则，他们就不是地道的美国人。

第十期考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~名词性从句之同位语从句（4)

句1：In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. [知识链接]：a substitute for一个…的替代物

[结构分析]：In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression //（that they find the “scientific method”a substitute for imaginative thought）.

第一段是句子的主干，主语是you, 谓语是might gather, 宾语是the impression，句首的in talking to…作句子的时间状语；

第二段中，that引导同位语从句，解释前面impression的内容。在此从句里，主语是they, 谓语是find, 其后面接的是复合宾语，即the“scientific method”是宾语，a substitute是宾语补足语；句末画线的介词短语for imaginative thought是a substitute的后置定语。举一反三：

句2：They reached a merger agreement on the understanding that both parties will be committed to expanding the market share of the company in Europe.

练一练：翻译句1和句2。答案和句2解析回复可见。

1：在和一些科学家，尤其是年轻的科学家交谈的时候，你或许会得出这一印象：他们认为“科学的方法”可以取代发散思维。

2：【知识链接】：reach an agreement达成一致；merger合并，融合；on the understanding that…基于…的观点；be committed to致力于；the market share 市场份额。

【结构分析】：要注意的是on the understanding that…是原因状语，表示reached的原因；that 引导的同位语从句解释understanding的内容。

翻译：他们认为双方都应该致力于扩大公司在欧洲的市场份额，基于这一共识，他们达成了合并的协议。

第十一期考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~定语从句（1）

今天长难句正式迈入定语从句的领地！~且看——

1. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

【知识链接】：Pearson皮尔森（人名音译）；piece together 汇集，综合；millennium一千年【结构分析】：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world //to produce a unique millennium technology calendar( that gives the latest dates)( when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place).

第二段中的to produce…是不定式短语作结果状语。表示has pieced together的结果；calendar后面的that…是定语从句，修饰先行词calendar; 最后，when引导的也是定语从句，修饰先行词dates。画线部分to take place则是宾语的补足语（expect sb. to do sth.）

举一反三练一练：

2. But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

【知识链接】：integration成为一体，完整；man-machine integration人机一体化；a fully electronic human真正的电子人；ultimately最终

1. 皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到的数百项重大突破和发现的最近日期。

2. But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the

beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.

[结构分析]：But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: //It will be the beginning (of the long process of integration)( that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century).

第一段是句子的主干结构：But that…is only the start…,主语是that, 谓语是系动词is, 表语是the start of man-machine integration；Pearson points out是插入语；第二段冒号后面的内容对前面信息作进一步阐释说明，其中括号部分of引导的介词短语作前面beginning后置定语；句末括号中that will ultimately lead to…是前面process of integration的定语从句。

【第十二期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~定语从句（2）

句1：In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. [知识链接]：preferential偏爱的；weight加重量于……，侧重；item项目，组成部分；

【结构分析】：In the first place, any scientific study requiresthat there be no preferential weighting of one or another（of the items ）（in the series）（it selects for its consideration）.

此句话的主语是any scientific study, 谓语是requires，宾语是that引导的宾语从句；在that宾语从句中，谓语动词be用虚拟语气原型。此外，这部分修饰语较复杂，of the items是介词短语作后置定语修饰one or another; in the series 又作后置定语修饰items；而在series的后面是省略了一个关系代词that的定语从句对先行词series进行修饰。

举一反三练一练：

句2：Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.【知识链接】：transaction交易；established固定的；business partner生意客户；intranet 内部网络，专用网。

作业：翻译1,2两个句子！答案和2句解析回复可见。

1【短语搭配】：There is no preferential weighting of sth. 绝没有对……偏爱，偏重；

One or another of the items in the series系列组成部分中的某一个、【翻译】：首先，任何科学研究都要求人们对所选择的考察对象不能厚此薄彼。

2. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet. 【结构分析】：句子可拆分为Some companies are limiting the risk// by conducting online transactions only with established business partners (who are given access to the company’s private intranet). 第一段是句子主干，by conducting…是句子谓语are limiting 的方式状语；who are…是定语从句修饰business partners.

【短语搭配】：limit the risk by doing通过做某事来降低风险；conduct transactions with和某人进行交易；give somebody access to 允许某人进入

翻译：一些公司只与那些被允许进入公司内部网络的老客户进行交易，通过这种方式来减少风险。

【第十三期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~定语从句（3）

句1：Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction——indeed, contradiction——which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.

[知识链接]：on the subject关于这一主题；distinction差异；go to the heart of涉及…的本质；contradiction 反驳,矛盾,不一致,否认

【结构分析】：句子拆分：Very few writers （on the subject）have explored this distinction//——indeed, contradiction——（which goes to the heart ）（of what is wrong with the campaign）to put computers in the classroom.

第一段是句子的主干，主语是Very few writers，谓语是have explored，宾语是this distinction；括号中的介词短语on the subject是writers的后置定语；双破折号中间的indeed, contradiction是插入语，which goes…是定语从句修饰先行词this distinction。紧随其后的介词短语of…是heart的后置定语，在of…中，画线部分是what引导的名词性从句作介词of的宾语（即宾语从句），句末部分是不定式短语作campaign的后置定语。

举一反三练一练：

句2：The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services they want most.[知识链接]：be organized around以…为中心/基础；market-oriented economy市场经济

句1：在谈到这个问题的作家中，几乎没有人探讨过这种区别，或者准确的说，这种矛盾。这个矛盾直指把电脑引入课堂这一问题的核心。

句2：The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services they want most.

【结构分析】：句子拆分如下：The American economic system is organized around a market-oriented economy //(in which consumers largely determine what shall be producedby spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services)( they want most).

第一段是句子的主干：主语是The American economic system，谓语部分是is organized around，宾语是a market-oriented economy；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词economy；在定语从句里，主语是consumers，谓语是determine，宾语是特殊疑问句what引导的宾语从句，by spending…则是介词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语动词determine；句末括号中是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词goods and services。

句2翻译：美国的经济基本上是以市场经济为中心建立起来的，在这种经济下，消费者通过在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的产品和服务，很大程度上决定了产品的生产。

【第十四期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~定语从句（4）

1.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

[知识链接]：commodity商品；seller-producer产销者；in turn轮流，依次地

【结构分析】：句子可拆分为：If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply （offered by seller-producers）,//(which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product).

第一段是本句主干，由一个条件状语从句和主句构成；状语从句是if引导的，从句主语是动名词短语producing more…，从句谓语动词是results in，从句宾语是reducing its cost；on the other hand 是插入语。在主句中，主语是this（指代前面从句内容），谓语是will tend to increase，宾语是the supply，括号中offered by…是过去分词短语做the supply的后置定语；第二段是which(指代主语内容)引导非性定语从句，对前面的主句内容作补充说明。

举一反三练一练——

2. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.

[知识链接]：innovator改良者，改革家；alternate替换的，轮流的；in the long run从长远来看；be bound to注定；dead ends死胡同

1．另一方面，如果增加产量导致成本降低，它将会使产销商增加供给，随之使得价格降低促使更多的消费者购买商品。

2．The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. 【结构解析】：句子可拆分为：The innovator will search for alternate courses, （which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends）。第一段是句子主干，The innovator是主语，will search for是谓语，宾语是alternate courses；第二段中which引导了一个非性定语从句，对先行词courses进行补充说明；在该从句中有两个并列谓语may prove和are bound to be；画线部位的even if则引导了让步状语从句，加强谓语动词的语气。

翻译：改革家将寻求一些不同的道路，这些道路即使会走向死胡同，从长远来看却更加便捷，并且注定更有趣和富有挑战性。

【第十五期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~定语从句（5）

1.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

【知识链接】：come to the conclusion that…得出结论认为…；specific具体的，明确的；scientific establishment科研机构；in detail详尽地；foresee预见

[结构分析]：句子可以拆分为：This trend began during the Second World War, (when several governments came to the conclusion)that the specific demands（that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment) cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

括号里when引导非性定语从句，对先行词the Second World War进行补充说明；画线的that从句，是the conclusion的同位语从句；在同位语从句中，主语是the specific demands，其后括号里的that是引导定语从句修饰先行词demands；谓语是cannot generally be foreseen,in detail是程度状语；在that从句中，主语是a government, 谓语是wants to make, 宾语是关系代词that（指代demands）,后面的介词短语of…是make的范围状语（即make demands of…向……提出要求）。

举一反三练一练——

2.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ‘valid’or ‘fair’comparison.

[知识链接]：assessment评估；intelligence智力；comparative相对的；valid有效的

1.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的得出结论：向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ‘valid’or ‘fair’comparison.

【结构分析】: 拆分如下：Now since the assessment （of intelligence）is a comparative matter// we must be sure that the scale (with which we are comparing our subjects) provides a ‘valid’ or ‘fair’ comparison. 第一段since引导原因状语从句，从句主语是the assessment，谓语是is, 从句表语是a comparative matter；第二段是主句（主系表结构），主语是we,谓语是must be，表语是sure, 其后画线部分是that引导的一个名词性从句，作sure的宾语从句（即形容词宾语从句，如be certain/confident that…）; 在that从句中，括号里的with which 引导定语从句对先行词the scale进行修饰说明（之所以用with +which，是因为动词搭配compare…with…）。

翻译：既然智力的评估有其相对的一面，我们就一定要确保在比较对象时所用的尺度能提供一个公平有效的结果

【第十六期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~定语从句（6）

1. The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.

【知识链接】：scientific investigation，科学研究/调查；nothing but相当于only/just仅仅；the mode of working of the human mind 人类思维运转模式；by this mode=by this means; reason about推理；precise精确的

【结构分析】句子拆分为：The method （of scientific investigation）is nothing buttheexpression （of the necessary mode of working of the human mind）;// it is simply the mode （by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations）.

此句可以以分号为界，前后各一个分句；分句一的主干是主系表结构；The method…is…the expression…,括号中的介词短语of…皆是各自前面名词的后置定语，画线的nothing but相当于only; 分句二中by which 引导定语从句（之所以用介词by,是因为by a mode是固定搭配，意为“通过某种方式”），并且需要注意定语从句里的并列谓语are reasoned about and given…。

举一反三练一练：

句2：Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.

【知识链接】：numerous无数的；entrepreneur企业家；surpass超越，超过；

epoch-making具有划时代意义的；the bygone age已逝去的年代。

词组：in search of寻找；participate（in）参加；flock to涌向；

鞋们加油！作业：翻译句1和句2，不灌水的童鞋奖励100沪元。答案和句2的解析回复可见。1. 科学研究方法不过是对必要的人类思维运转模式的表述，即对所有现象进行推理并给予精确而严密解释的思维模式。

2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.

【结构分析】：拆分为：Silicon Valley is a magnet// to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs (from overseas) flock (in search of fame, fast money) and (to participate in a technological revolution)//whose impact (on mankind) will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution (of the bygone age).

第一段主系表结构是句子的主干；第二段是由to which引导的定语从句，对先行词magnet进行修饰说明（之所以用to which, 是因为动词搭配flock to…意为“涌向…”）, 在此从句中：主语是并列名词短语engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, 其前面的numerous talented和后面的from overseas分别是其前后置定语；谓语动词是flock, 括起来的介词in短语和不定式to短语是并

列关系共同做flock的目的状语；第三段是whose引导的定语从句，主语是impact，谓语是will surely surpass，宾语是European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution，括号中的部分皆是各自前面相关名词的后置定语。

翻译：硅谷就像是一块磁铁，让无数才华横溢的海外工程师、科学家和企业家为了名利蜂拥而至；他们还有一目的，就是参与这里的技术，因为与具有划时代意义的欧洲文艺复兴和已逝去的工业相比，它对人类的影响力无疑是有过之而无不及的。

【第十七期】考研秘笈之长难句~阅读翻译~状语从句（1）

1.We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who speak them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

[知识链接]：be obliged to sb.感激某人；vanish消失；peoples种族；die out灭绝

【结构分析】：句子可以拆分成以下三段：We are obliged to them //because some of these languages have since vanished, //{as the peoples （who speak them）died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages}.第一段是主句：主语是we, 谓语动词是are obliged to，宾语是them；第二段是because 引导原因状语从句修饰are obliged, 表示其原因；第三段则是as引导的另一个原因状语从句，但修饰的却是前面从句中的谓语动词have vanished，表示其原因。在as引导的从句中，主语是the peoples（括号中的who spoke them是其定语从句），谓语动词是or连接的并列谓语died out和became assimilated and lost…

举一反三练一练：

2. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

[知识链接]：owing to因为，由于；remarkable显著的，非同寻常的；mass-communications 大众通讯；for the reasons given above由于上述原因。

本次作业来啦~~~翻译句1和句2，答案和句2解析回复可见。认真答题的童鞋奖100沪元。

1. 我们之所以感激他们，是因为在此之后，这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己本族的语言。

2. 【结构解析】：句子可以拆分为Owing to the remarkable development（inmass-communications）, people （everywhere）are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,// while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons(given above).

第一段中，主语是people(后面的everywhere是其后置定语)，谓语动词分别是are feeling 和are being exposed to，宾语则分别是new wants 和new customs and ideas，句首画线部分是owing to引导的原因状语从句表示谓语发生的原因，括号里的in…是其前面development的后置定语；第二段是while连接的又一分句，和分句一表示对比关系，汉语意思是‘而’，此处的for the reasons是原因状语，表示谓语动作的原因，其后面的given above是后置定语修饰reasons.

翻译：由于大众通讯的显著发展，各地的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，而上述这些原因也使得各国不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。