一、时态
1. (2018 • 安徽中考)Before the sun __________, we need to get to the top of the mountain.
A. set B. sets C. is setting D. will set
【答案】B
【解析】句意:太阳落山之前,我们需要到达山顶。Before 引导的时间状语从句不能用将来时态,用一般现在时态来代替,主语the sun单三,谓语动词用单数形式;故选B。
2. (2018 • 甘肃白银中考)She __________ an English magazine when I came in.
A. reads B. had read C. will read D. was reading
【答案】D
3. (2018 • 贵州安顺中考)Andy, with his parents, __________ Hong Kong, and some shopping __________ by them.
A. have gone to; will do B. has gone to; will be done
C. have been to; will do D. has been to; do
【答案】B
【解析】句意:安迪和他的父母去了,他们将买一些东西。Andy是句子的主语,with his parents作状语,根据主谓一致的原则,首先排除A,C;have/has gone to表示某人去了某地,现在还没有回来,have/has been to表示某人去过某地,现已回来。根据by them判断,第二个句子是被动语态的句子,故选B。
4. (2018 • 贵州安顺中考)—The weather report says that it __________ tomorrow in most parts of Anshun city.
—If it __________, the school sports meet will be canceled.
A. will rain; will rain B. will rain; rains
C. rains; will rain D. rains; rains
【答案】B
5. (2018 • 河北中考)I __________ an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go.
A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我收到了音乐会的请柬。我等不及要走了。考查动词时态辨析题。根据句意语境,可知我已经收到去音乐会的邀请函,需用现在完成时,故选D。
6. (2018 • 黑龙江绥化市中考)He __________ his grandparents in the countryside last week.
A. visits B. visit C. visited
【答案】C
【解析】句意:上周,他拜访了在农村的祖父母。本题考查动词的时态。A. visits 单数第三人称形式; B. visit 动词原形 ;C. visited一般过去式。因为句中有一般过去式的标志性短语:last week,故选C。
7. (2018 • 湖南郴州中考)—Have you ever been to South Tower Park?
—Yes. I __________ there a few months ago.
A. went B. have been C. have gone
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过南塔公园吗?——是的,几个月前我去那儿了。have been to曾经去过某地; have gone to去某地了;根据a few months ago.可知用过去时态;故选A。
8. (2018 • 江苏徐州中考)Linda was busy when I went to see her yesterday. She __________ for an exam.
A. will study B. was studying C. has studied D. is studying
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我昨天看到Linda的时候,她非常的忙,她正在为考试复习。will study一般将来时态,将要学习;was studying过去进行时态,表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作;has studied现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响;is studying现在进行时,表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。根据句中所给的情景…see her yesterday可知,这里表示昨天看到Linda的时候,她正在做的事情,应用过去进行时态,故选B。
9. (2018 • 江西中考)We __________ a party for Kate It's supposed to be a surprise.
A. were having B. had C. will have D. have had
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态辨析。句意:我们将为凯特举办一个聚会,这应该是个惊喜。根据句意可知举办聚会这个动作还没有发生,需用一般将来时,故选C。
10. (2018 • 内蒙古包头市中考)—Has your daughter come back from Australia?
—Yes. She __________ there for three years
A. has stayed B. stays C. stayed D. had stayed
【答案】C
11. (2018 • 青岛市中考)—It’s time to work now.
—OK. I’ll wake Carl up. He __________ for an hour.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep C. fell asleep D. falls asleep
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——现在到了工作的时间了。——好的,我叫醒卡尔,他睡了一个小时了。根据fall asleep入睡,短暂性动词;be asleep睡着,指状态,延续性的;根据for an hour.可知用延续性动词;故选B。
12. (2018 • 成都中考)Yesterday, I __________ the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the wrong line.
A. took B. was taking C. had taken
【答案】B
【解析】句意:昨天,当我突然发现我拨错电话的时候,我正在乘地铁回家。这里是when引导的时间状语从句,当某个动词发生的时候,某个动作正在进行,根据题意,故选B。
13. (2018 • 宜宾市中考)—I can’t find Jimmy. Where is he?
—He __________ in the garden at the moment.
A. works B. will work C. is working
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我不能找到吉姆,他在哪儿?——此刻他在花园里工作。根据at the moment可知用现在进行时态;故选C。
14. (2018 • 广西北部湾中考)As soon as she __________ in Nanning, she will call you.
A. arrives B. arrive C. will arrive D. arrived
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她一到南宁,就会给你打电话。此题考查时态。题目是由 as soon as 引导的状语从句,该类从句要遵从"主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时" 的原则。所填的部分为从句,所以用一般现在时,可以排除 C 和 D。再加上从句的主语是第三人称 she,谓语需要用三单形式,所以选 A。
15. (2018 • 黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考)Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary __________ to Beijing.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been
【答案】C
16. (2018 • 江苏无锡中考)—It’s said that drinking coffee __________ cancer. Do I have to give it up?
—Relax! Not everything on Wechat is true. In fact, a coffee a day keeps the doctor away.
A. causes B. has caused C. caused D. had caused
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——据说喝咖啡会致癌。我必须放弃喝咖啡吗?——放松些!不是所有的聊天内容都是真实的。事实上,一天喝一杯咖啡不会生病看医生。drinking coffee作从句的主语,喝咖啡会致癌只是微信中别人的一种说法,时态用一般现在时来描述,故选A。
17. (2018 • 上海市中考)Michael __________ in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.
A. teach B. taught C. will teach D. was teaching
【答案】C
【解析】句意:米迦勒将于明年二月至六月在云南的一所学校任教。根据时间状语next year判断,句子的时态为一般将来时态,故选C。
18. (2018 • 凉山州中考)—Paris is a wonderful place.
—So it is. I __________ there twice.
A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go
【答案】A
各种时态的构成
时 态 | 构 成 | 时 态 | 构 成 |
一般现在时 | do / does am / is / are | 一般过去时 | did was / were |
现在进行时 | am / is / are + doing | 过去进行时 | was / were + doing |
现在完成时 | have / has + done | 过去完成时 | had + done |
一般将来时 | shall / will + do am / is / are going + to do | 过去将来时 | would + do was / were going + to do |
1. (2018 • 安徽中考)The weatherman says a rain shower __________ this afternoon in the south.
A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected
【答案】C
【解析】句意:天气预报员说今天下午在南方有望下阵雨。根据 a rain shower和 expect之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,排除A/B;根据this afternoon 可知是一般现在时态;故选C。
【点睛】被动语态的各个时态。1)一般现在时态的 am /is are+done,例如:I am asked to study hard by my mother. 2)一般过去时态的 were/was+done,例如:A new shop was built last year. 3) 现在完成时态的 have/has been+done 例如:This book has been translated into Chiese. 4) 一般将来时态的 will be+ done, 例如:Many trees will be planted next year. 5)现在进行时态的 am/is/are+being+done, 例如:My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
2. (2018 • 贵州安顺中考)The number of the elderly(老人) __________ increasing in China, and with the development of China economy, they __________ better care of in the future.
A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take
【答案】C
【解析】句意:中国老年人的数量在不断增加,随着中国经济的发展,他们将得到更好的照顾。the number of表示"……的数量",跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,谓语动词要用单数形式,首先排除B、D;they与动词词组take care of 之间是被动的关系,故选C。
3. (2018 • 河北中考)Look at the picture. The top five TV plays __________ in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:看这幅画。前五名的电视剧都在里面。考查被动语态。根据语境得知The top five TV plays与list之间存在被动关系;由Look at the picture得知是一般现在时,因此为一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。
4. (2018 • 湖北恩施州中考)If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you __________ by your boss.
A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired
【答案】C
5. (2018 • 江苏徐州中考)The latest mobile phone __________ in China.
A. will make B. has made C. is making D. is made
【答案】D
【解析】句意:最新的手机是在中国制造的。will make将会制造,一般将来时态;has made现在完成时态;is making现在进行时态;is made一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知,这句话的主语The latest mobile phone与谓语动词make之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态,选项中只有D是被动形式,故选D。
6. (2018 • 江西中考)Kids have to take many after school classes. They __________ hard to study for good grades.
A. push B. are pushed C. are pushing D. have pushed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:孩子们不得不上很多课外班。他们刻苦学习以求好成绩。考查被动语态。句中的they指上文的kids,是动词push的受动者,需用被动语态;根据句意结构,可知选B。
7. (2018 • 四川乐山市中考)—Look, what an old bridge! It looks so special!
—Yeah, it __________ nearly 500 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built
【答案】B
8. (2018 • 广西贺州中考)Our classroom is very clean and tidy because it __________ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们的教室非常整洁,每天它都会被打扫。根据every day可知,用一般现在时,且it指classroom,it与clean之间为被动be done,故选D。
主动语态变被动语态
说明 | 例句 | |
含有单个宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式)谓语改为被动形式;如果需要说明动作的发出者,则需加上"by + 主动句的主语(人称代词宾格)"。 | The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。 | |
含有双宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语":当直接宾语是名词或代词时,可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语,而另一个保持不动。但是,当直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 | The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 | |
含有复合宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语,简称主补)。 | We call him Li Hua. →He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 They painted the room white. →The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。 | |
【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补,变为被动语态时,需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to,即"be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth"。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 | ||
含有动词短语(作谓语)的主动句:谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 | They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 We should make full use of the good chance. →The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。 | |
【易错警示】 动词短语用于被动语态时,把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构,其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。 |
情况 | 例句 |
说明主语的性质、特征的动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:lock,open,read,sell,teach,wash,write等。 | The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗. A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。 |
表示感官的连系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:smell,feel,taste,sound等。 | This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 |
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义,如:need,want,require,worth等。 | The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 |
【知识拓展】 常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组: be seated 坐着,就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 |
被动语态记忆口诀
被动语态强调"宾",用 be加上"过去分"。
"be"要随着主语变,人称时态要弄准。
"行为对象"作主语,逻辑主语"by"来引。
原句若是双宾语,一变"主"来一保"宾"。
"间宾"要把主语变,原来"直宾"还是"宾"。
"直宾"要把主语变,"间宾"前加"to"最称心。
唯有原"宾"是"复合",只有变宾要当心。
原句"宾补"变"主补",位置不必挪寸分。
情态动词变"被动",情态加be加过分。
如若"情态"后带to,变后有to才弄准。
"短语动词"变"被动",相当"及物"莫疑心。
不过其后"介"或"副",变后还得要承认。 |