九年级上英语Unit3 Family life语法 系动词用法

一、系动词的种类：

1. 状态系动词

用来表示主语状态、性质、身份等，常用的有be。

I was furious when he crashed my car. 当他撞了我的车时，我很生气。

2. 持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep (保持), remain (依然), stay (保持), lie (保持), stand (矗立着), sit (坐), continue (继续)。

He always kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

Whatever happens, we should keep/ stay calm. 不管发生什么事，我们都要保持镇静。

The weather continued hot after the rain. 雨后，天气依然很热。

The house stood empty for years. 这房子多年空着。

3. 表象系动词

用来表示“看起来、似乎、显得”这一概念，常用的有seem, appear, look。

He appeared tired and sleepy. 他显得很疲倦，好像要睡着了。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4. 感官系动词

用来表示人的感觉的一类动词，常用的有look (看起来)，feel (摸起来、感觉), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来)。

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

Medicine tastes bitter but it cures diseases. 良药苦口利于病。

5. 变化或结果的系动词

用于表示主语变成什么样，常用的有become (变成), grow (长得), turn (变得), fall (变为), get (变得), go (变得), come (成为)，prove (证明是)。

The students fell quiet as the scientist started to speak.

那位科学家开始讲话后，学生们安静下来。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

It’s a week since she fell ill. 她得病一周了。

●特别提示：

1. get, become, go, turn, grow的区别：

1）become：一般表示变化过程已经完成，较正式，通常不用来表示未来的事，后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语。

Helen became an electronic engineer. 海伦成了一名电子工程师。

2）get：表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得”，更口语化，通常接形容词，也可以用在lost, broken, dressed, married等过去分词的前面。

Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家日益强大。

Last night I got caught in the downpour. 昨夜我遇上了倾盆大雨。

3）go：多表示从好的状态变成坏的状态，通常接mad, crazy, blind, bad等或表示颜色的形容词。

Something has gone wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病。

4）turn：侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。后多接表颜色的及表天气的形容词，如果接名词，要省略冠词。

He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 成为作家之前他是一名教师。

She turned /went blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。

5）grow：侧重于“逐渐变得……”，强调变化的过程。

He is growing old. 他渐渐老了。

2. look, seem, appear的区别

1）在意义上：

look：一般用于非正式场合，侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。

seem：指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。

appear：常用于正式文体中，指某事物或人给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。

He looks like his father. （指其长相看起来相像）

He seems like his father. （指说话人从个性方面得到的判断）

My music teacher is fifty but she appears young.

我的音乐老师已五十岁了，但看起来很年轻。(其实并不年轻)

2) look, seem 之后可接介词like，但appear 之后一般不能。

He looks /seems like a fool. 他看起来像个大傻瓜。

3) appear 和seem 后可接不定式和that 引导的从句，但look较少用。

He seems/ appears to have travelled a lot. 他似乎去过许多地方旅行。

It seems/ appears that he is very tired. 他似乎很累了。

3. keep, remain, stay

1）系动词keep意思是“保持……状态”，后常接形容词或介词短语，如

alive, awake, cheerful, silent, dry, well, fit, fine, close, clean, happy等。

In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports.

为了保持健康，所有学生都参加体育运动。

We’d better keep in touch. 我们最好保持联系。

2）remain 意思是“仍然存在……状态”，后接形容词、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无变化。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，而约翰依旧是渔民。

Your room remains like this. 你的房间依旧是这样子。

3）系动词stay是“保持……状态”，后接形容词、分词等。常可与keep互换。

The door stayed closed. 门一直关着。

Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。

I had to stay awake all night looking after the sick baby.

我照顾那个病儿，一整夜没有睡。

4. 一些系动词同时也是实义动词，如果是及物动词可有被动语态，可以单独作谓语。

对比这些句子：

He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟表语，说明主语情况）

He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。（fell是实义动词，单独作谓语）

She smelt the meat. 她闻了闻那块肉。（smelt是实义动词，说明主语动作）

The flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。(smell 是系动词，说明主语的特点)

It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.

今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。（系动词）

All the lights in the house were turned off. 屋里的灯都关掉了。（实义动词）5．瞬间系动词与时间段连用

英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词，如become，turn，prove等不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，until，so far”等直接连用。如：

①不能说：He has become a policeman for 12 years.

应改为：He has been a policeman for 12 years.

②不能说：He has turned writer since eight years ago.

应改为：He has been a write since eight years ago.

③不能说：He got angry until his child came back home.

应改为：He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.

二、表语：

表语用来说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，即简单句五种句型之一：“主语+系动词+表语”。表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语或起名词、形容词作用的词或短语（如：不定式，动词-ing形式等）担任，也可以是从句。但是许多系动词多接形容词或相当于形容词的词，如动词-ing形式。

Pollution from cars has become a major problem. 汽车尾气成了一个主要问题。

Please feel free to say what you really think. 请随便谈谈你的想法吧。

I’m much worried about her health. 我对她的健康状况感到忧虑。

Wasting time is killing yourself. 浪费时间就是自杀。

Come to see me tomorrow when I am at work. 明天我上班时来见你。

This is where we disagree with each other. 这就是我们有分歧的地方。

●特别提示：

1）look，smell，sound，feel；appear，seem可接as if/as though引导的表语从句。从句如果与事实相反或很难实现，要用虚拟语气。

She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.

看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉在那儿。

It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.

我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。

He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. （虚拟语气）

他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。

It seems as if it were spring already，but it’s only February. （虚拟语气）

才二月份，就好像是春天了。

2）可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem, appear等, 不可用be, look。

It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.

好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。

It appeared that he was talking to himself. 好像他在自言自语。

3）能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow。

Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作是照料孩子们。

He seems not to look after the children. 他好像不是她的父亲。

My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议证明是错误的。

4）能与there连用的系动词有：be, appear, seem。

There appeared to be only one room. 那儿好像只有一个房间。