西王母神话的本土渊源

Journal of Hubei Institute for Nationalities (2004年第1期)　　　　　　　　　　　　(Philosophy and Social Sciences)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　N o.12004

收稿日期:2003-11-03

作者简介:刘宗迪(1963-),男,山东省郡墨县人,首都师范大学文学院博士后,中国民俗文学会理事。主要研究方向为民族、民间文学(口头传统)、民俗学、神话学、《山海经》。

①　翁银陶:《西王母为东方刑神考》,《民间文学论坛》,1985年第1期;吕继祥:《关于西王母传说起源地的探索》,《民间文学论坛》,1986年第6

期。两文力倡西王母源于东方说,但其理据多不足为训。

西王母神话的本土渊源

刘宗迪

(中国社会科学院民族文学研究所,北京100732)

摘要:西王母神话来自西方,学界几无异词。西王母神话最早见于《山海经・大荒西经》,古人因西王母见于《大荒经》世界的西方,遂认定西王母为西土之神,这完全是误解。因《大荒经》世界并非像古人想当然地相信的那样,涵括整个九州方域,它所描述的仅仅是东夷文化区内一个方圆百里的地理范围,完全与西域无关。因此,西王母完全是东方本土文化的产物,源于东方的神仙道教信仰。

关键词:西王母;《山海经》;神仙道教;神话

中图分类号

:I057　　文献标识码:A 　　文章编号:1004-941(2004)01-0032-07

83

The N ative Origin of the Western Q ueen Mythology

L IU Z ong-di

(The Institution of National Literature,China’s S ocial Science Academy,Beijing100732,China) Abstract:It is obvious that the Western Queen Mythology comes from western culture.The Western Queen Mythology first appeared in S hanghai Fai res-The S tories f rom the Obsolete Western L and.Because of this,the ancient people regarded the Western Queen as the G od of Western Land.But this is just a mistake.Because the world in the stories of the Obsolete Western Land doesn’t conclude the whole Chinese area as the ancient people supposed.What it describes is only a geographical scope with a circuference of several hundred Li in the region with eastern culture,which has nothing to do with the western land.Therefore,the Western Queen is definitely the offspring of the eastern native culture.She originates from the gospel of the supernatural being and the Tao2 ism.

K ey Words:the Western Queen;Shanghai Faires;the supernatural Being and the Taoism;the Mythology

93