
动词时态、语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的,而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种,而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
考点四:在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2、现在进行时
表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3、现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:
考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,
Has it stopped raining yet ?
考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时。
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
4.一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意:
考点一:used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式,后接动词原形。
be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
5. 过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6. 过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点一:用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)
考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted。
考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
7. 一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中:We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)
考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三:“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四:“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“am (is, are) about to +动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.
8、将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
9、将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。
考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
10. 动词的语态
一般用于强调受者, 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,只是需要注意以下考点。
考点一:不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
考点二:下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。
lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备);ride (乘坐); write ( 写 );
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
考点三:一些常用经典被动句型:
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…, It is expected…, It is estimated…,
这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”,
而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说:It was believed…, It was thought
时态、语态100练
1.“I don’t like to travel. ”“Have you ever _____ in an airplane?”
A. flying B. flew C. flowed D. flown
2.The center of gravity of the human body ______ behind his joint.
A located B. locating C. to locate D. is located
3.“Today is very cold, isn’t it?” “Yes, the river is _____ over.”
A. freezed B. freeze C. frozen D. freezing
4.“What happened in that new area?” “New houses ______ recently over there.”
A. are built B. build C. have built D. have been built
5.“When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we ______ to work.”
A. went B. were going C. had gone D go
6.“Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I ______ to bed until five in the morning.”
A. did go B. didn’t go C had gone D. went
7.Perhaps it will be a long time ______ from abroad.
A when Tom comes back B. when Tom will come back
C.before Tom comes back D. that Tom comes back
8.Tom ______ mathematics throughout his college life.
A bored B. bored with C. was bored D. was bored with
9.______ that dress when I first saw you at the station?
A Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear
10.Mr Wu ______ to work by bus every day.
A. has been traveling B. has traveled C. travels D is traveling
11.Don’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast.
A. listens B. is being listened C. has listened D. is listening
12.My English teacher ______ my test.
A. has not yet graded B. has not yet been graded
C. is not yet to be graded D. is not yet graded
13.We ______ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.
A. are being worked B. are working C. have been working D. have been worked
14.Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River.
A. stand B. stands C is being stand D. has stood
15.“Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays now.”
A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written
16.“______ your best? It’s not satisfactory. I’m afraid you will have to do it again.”
A. Do you try B. Have you tried C. Are you trying D. Have you been trying
17.Chinese married couple _____ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.
A give B. have been giving C. are giving D. have given
18.My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm.
A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made
19.This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park.
A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone
20.She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital.
A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done
21.I ______ the incident as if it were yesterday.
A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering
C. am being still remembered D. still remember
22.I ______ swimming in the river and I always _____ to swim when I can.
A. am liking/have gone B. am being liked/am going
C. like/go D. have liked/have been going
23.We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents ______ since last winter.
A. occur B. have occurred C. have been occurring D. are occurring
24.He _____ on this essay for twenty minutes but he _____ only a hundred words.
A. has been working/has written B. is working/writes
B. has worked/has been writing D. works/is writing
25.Elections _______ every four years and Congress meets once a year.
A. are taken place B. are to be taken place C. took place D. take place
26.______ careless, or you will make mistakes.
A.Be not B. Not be C. Don’t D. Don’t be
27.The No.8 bus ______ to Chengdu college of Geology, and not to Sichuan University.
A. are gone B. is being gone C. goes D. are going
28.Oil, exported from Iran to Europe, _____ by tankers.
A. used to be transported/have been built up
B. used to being transported/have built up
C. was used to be transported/had been built up
D. was used to being transported/will be built up
29.If it ______,the match will be postponed.
A. has been rained B. does rain C. rains D. is rained
30.As soon as I ______ the tools, I shall begin with the work.
A. have B. am having C. have been having D. have been had
31.Once you ______ the knack of it, you will have no further difficulty.
A. shall have B. had had C. are having D. have
32.Every time he ______ me, he is rude to me.
A. will see B. sees C. is seeing D. is seen
33.John told Mary that he ______ what he was doing during the vacation.
A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked
34.Now that you _______ , what are you going to do?
A. are bing returned B. have been returning
C. have been returned D. have returned
35.I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I ______ there ever since.
A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been
36.Everything on the earth ______ all the time.
A. is changing B. is changed C. has changed D. has been changed
37.We ______ fine weather for the past few days.
A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having
38.It ______ every day so far this month.
A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained
39.no one can prove that the earth ______ not round.
A. is being B. is to be C. is D. has been
40.“There she ______!We needn’t wait any longer.”
A. comes B. has been come C. has been coming D. is to come
41.The little girl ______ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.
A. was made use B. was made used
C. was made use of D. was made used of
42.I shall tell you what he ______ at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. had done B. would do C. was doing D. had been done
43.By the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines.
A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D . had been turned out
44.He was sixty-eight. In two years he ______ seventy.
A. would be B. was C. had been D. was being
45.How long ago ______ playing football?
A. had you stopped B. would you stop C. did you stop D. were you stopping
46.Up till then we ______ half the distance.
A. had only covered B. covered C. would only cover D. would be only covered
47.While I ______ television, the door bell ______.
A. watched/would ring B. would watch/had rung
B. was watching/rang D. had been watched/was ringing
48.They ______ with us for the time being.
A. would stay B. will stay C. have been staying D. will be staying
49.I never dreamed I ______ here discussing state affairs with the other deputies.
A. will be sitting B. would be sitting
C. will have been sitting D. would have been sitting
50.John told us that by the end of the year they ______ together for thirty years.
A. would have been living B. would have lived
C. would have been lived D. will have been living
51.The new type of machine ______ the year after next.
A. is going to turn out B. is going to being turned out
C. is going to have turned out D. is going to be turned out
52.Large sums of money ______ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures.
A. have spent B. have to be spent C. have to spend D. spend
53.The police ______ in what the informer reported.
A. interested B. had interested C. were interesting D. were interested
54.A candidate for the post ______ at the moment.
A. is interviewing B. being interviewing
C. interviewing D. is being interviewed
55.By the end of last year the railway ______.
A. was being completed B. would be completed
B. had been completed D. had completed
56.I ______ to visit their country before long.
A. have been invited B. am being invited
C. had been invited D. shall be invited
57.Theory ______ with practice.
A. must be combining B. must combine
C. must have been combined D. must be combined
58.He said such a thing ______ to happen.
A. ought to be not allowed B. ought not to be allowing
B. ought not to have allowed D. ought not to be allowed
59.She told me that her proposal ______.
A. needed to take into consideration
B. needed to be taken into consideration
C. needed to be taking into consideration
D. needed to have taken into consideration
60.The school authorities and the teachers ______ over the advantages of the demerit system.
A. were always argued B. were always arguing
C. had always had argued D. had always been argued
61.He fulfilled the plan earlier than he ______.
A. had expected B. expecting
C. should expect D. would expect
62.______ when the bell rang.
A. Hardly would he reach school B. Hardly had he reached school
C.Hardly he reached school D. Hardly he was reaching school
63.We were determined not to do it unless Julie ______ it, too.
A. had done B. was doing C. was done D. did
.They were sure they ______ final victory.
A. were won B. would be won C. would win D. had been won
65.When ______ to give us an answer?
A. will you be able B. will you have been able
C. will you able D. will you have abled
66.We ______ on the project by the end of next week.
A. shall have finished to work B. shall finish to work
C. shall have finished working D. shall finish working
67.He ______ for six years by the time he takes his examination.
A. shall have finished to work B. shall finish to work
B. shall have finished working D. shall finish working
68.I promise you that I ______ you a present next week.
A. will give B. will have given C. shall give D. shall have given
69.I hope that she ______ to the demands of the naughty boys.
A.will not have agreed B. will not be agreed
C. will not agree D. will not have been agreed
70.In the long run your money ______ in bonds.
A. was more safely invested B. is more safely invested
C. will be more safely invested D. are more safely invested
71.Mr.Wilson asked me if these islands ______ to Japan.
A. belong B. are belonging C. are belonged D. have been belonged
72.Before the end of the nineties, air pollution ______ a serious problem that endangers the health of the human race.
A. will be become B. will become C. will have become D. will have been become
73.The train ______ at eight tonight.
A. will be started B. will have started C. shall be started D. starts
74.We ______ an English evening tonight.
A. are being having B. are having C. will be had D. shall be had
75.They ______ for Beijing for practice.
A. are leaving B. are being left C. will have left D. will be left
76._____ me or aren’t you?
A. Will you help B. Shall you help
C. Are you going to help D. Will you have helped
77.A new power station ______ there.
A. will be going to build B. is going to be built
C. will be gone to build D. is gone to be built
78.______ a meeting this afternoon.
A. There going to be B. There will be going to be
C. There is going to be D. There will going to be
79.We ______ a new experiment this afternoon.
A. shall be to perform B. will be to perform
C. are to be performed D. are to perform
80.The government _____ to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.
A. is going B. had been C. was about D. is coming
81.You ought to _____ a test in physics the day before, I think.
A. have taken B. take C. be taken D. be taking
82.Kepler proved that the sun ______ the center of the solar system.
A. is B. was C. had been D. would be
83.This is one of the best novels that ______ this year.
A. appears B. is appearing C. has appeared D. have appeared
84.My friend ______ here last week, but he couldn’t.
A. was to have come B. must have come C. came D. had to come
85.He did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for the simple reason is that he _____ asleep while watching television.
A. had fallen B. has fallen C. fell D. was falling
86.We had hardly sat down when she ______ plates of food for us.
A. brought B. has brought C. had brought D. was bringing
87.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday ,only to find it ______.
A. be broken into B. was broken into
C. had broken into D. had been broken into
88.“What were you doing when Anna phoned you?”
“I had just finished my work and ______ to take a bath.”
A. starting B. to start C. have started D. was starting
.“Have you gone to see the doctor?”
“No, but ______.”
A. I go B. I am going to see C. I go to see D. I’m going to
90.Each time you look at an object, you ______ a picture.
A. took B. are taking C. take D. have taken
91.Water pipes ______ rusty after a period of use.
A. become B. is becoming C. are become D. were become
92.This foreign scientist ______ in our college for fifteen years and does not want to leave.
A. worked B. is working C. works D. has been working
93.______ to have dinner with us tonight?
A. Will you like B. Do you like C. Wouldn’t you like D. Won’t you like
94.What I was uncertain about ______ whether they could overcome the difficulties.
A. is B. will be C. had been D. was
95.“Certainly,______ him about something else in any case, so it won’t be any bother.”
A. I’ll see B. I see C. I can see D. I’ll be seeing
96.By the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain.
A. we’ll learnt B. we are learning C. we have learnt D. we’ll have learnt
97.All the machines ______ by the end of the following week.
A. were repaired B. would be repaired
C. will have been repaired D. were being repair
98.He will come to call one you the moment he ______ his work.
A. will finish B. finishes C. had finished D. finished
99.I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her in case ______
A. she’ll B. she is C. she does D. she would
100.“I wish that your sister would come to visit me.”
“Well, I’ll tell her when I ______ her.”
A. see B. saw C. will see D. would see
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