
【篇一:历年托福考试阅读高频真题汇总【含答案】】
xt>历年托福考试阅读高频真题汇总【含答案】
摘要: 之前我们已经上传了历年来托福阅读考试的真题题目,今天小编接着为大家介绍一些托福阅读考试过程中经常遇到的一些真题类型,这些题目全部是精华内容,非常值得大家拥有。
历年 托福 考试阅读高频真题依次从上到下,出题频率由高到低,下面我们现将其中的一篇出题率极高的文章内容分享给你。
if food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies. when the putrefied material is examined microscopically, it is found to be teeming with bacteria. where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous generation, a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter.
the most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the french chemist and microbiologist louis pasteur(1822-15).pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the. microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .he did this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. after the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .many of these bodies resembled the reproductive
structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells. as many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated from the organized bodies present in the air. he postulated that these bodies are constantly being deposited on all objects.
pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated to boiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied. the proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way by heating so that it would no longer support spontaneous generation. pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but air could reenter. the bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask.. material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.
1. what does the passage mainly discuss? d
(a) pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope.
(b) the origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .
(c) the effects of pasteurization on food.
(d) pasteur’s argument against the theory of spontaneous generation .
2. the phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to a
(a) full of
(b) developing into
(c) resistant to
(d) hurt by
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3. which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer? a
(a) what is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food?
(b) how many types of organisms can be found on food?
(c) what is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination?
(d) how long can food stand before it putrefies?
4. the word “resemble” in line 7 is closest in meaning to b
(a) benefit from
(b) appear similar to
(c) join together with
(d) grow from
5,the purpose of the “guncotton” mentioned in paragraph 2 was to a
(a) trap particles for analysis
(b) slow the process of putrefaction
(c) increase the airflow to the microscopic slide
(d) aid the mixing of alcohol and ether
6. the author mention “1.0mm”in lines 11-12 in describing the d
(a) thickness of a layer of organisms that was deposited on an object
(b) diameter of the fibers that were in the guncotton filters
(c) thickness of the microscope slides that were used
(d) size of the particles that that were collected
7. the word “postulated” in line 16 is closest in meaning to d
(a) analyzed
(b) doubted
(c) persuaded
(d) suggested
8. the objects that pasteut removed from the air in his experiment were remarkable because they were b
(a) primarily single-celled organisms
(b) no different from objects found in putrefying materials
(c) fairly rare
(d) able to live in a mixture of alcohol and ether
9. the word “it” in line 18 refers to a
(a) a nutrient solution
(b) a glass flask
(c) boiling
(d) spontaneous generation
10. according to paragraph 3,proponents of spontaneous generation believed that which of the following was important for the process to succeed ? b
(a) a sealed container
(b) fresh air
(c) heat
(d) the presence of nutrients
......
以上就是有关历年 托福考试 阅读高频真题的部分内容介绍,稍后我们会陆续为大家介绍更多有关 托福阅读
考试的相关内容,希望对你的托福考试会有一定的帮助。
【篇二:历年托福写作真题题目汇总】
xt>历年托福写作真题题目汇总
摘要: 随着托福考试机制的日渐完善,托福考试遇到重重复的试题的机会越来越少,但是托福写作真题的参考价值还是很重要的,本文为大家搜集了历年来出现的高频托福写作题目。
同学们常常因为找不到托福精品资料而烦恼,在这里小编为大家分享一些考生经常搜寻的资料,以便节省大家时间, 能够最大程度上帮大家有效的提高托福水平。
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1. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities.
2. some people believe that the earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. others feel that human activity makes the earth a better place to live. what is your opinion?
3. some people spend their entire lives in one place. others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in search of another place?
4. is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
5. you have received a gift of money. the money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. which would you buy?
6. businesses should hire employees for their entire lives. do you agree or disagree?
7. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? attending a live performance (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event) is more enjoyable than watching the same event on television.
8. choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people‘s lives. (1) automobiles (2) bicycles (3) airplanes
9. do you agree or disagree that progress is always good?
10. learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. do you agree or disagree?
11. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? with the help of technology, students nowadays can
learn more information and learn it more quickly.
12. the expression “never, never give up” means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals. do you agree or disagree with this statement?
13. some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. do you agree or disagree with this point of view? why or why not?
14. what is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
15. why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities?
16. some people like to travel with a companion. other people prefer to travel alone. which do you prefer?
17. some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day‘s work. others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. which do you prefer?
18. what are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture?
19. some people prefer to work for a large company. others prefer to work for a small company. which would you prefer? use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
20. people work because they need money to live. what are some other reasons that people work? discuss one or more of these reasons.
21. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls.
22. some people like to do only what they already do well. other people prefer to try new things and take risks. which do you prefer?
23. some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. others believe that success results from careful planning. in your opinion, what does success come from?
24. what change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age?
25. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? the most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns.
26. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? one should never judge a person by external
appearances.
27. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? a person should never make an important decision alone.
think the company should choose? 29. some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. which type of movie do you prefer?
30. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? businesses should do anything they can to make a profit.
31. some people are always in a hurry to go places and get things done. other people prefer to take their time and live life at a slower pace. which do you prefer?
32. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? games are as important for adults as they are for children.
33. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children.
34. what do you want most in a friend ?someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable?
35. which one of these characteristics is most important to you?
36. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? most experiences in our lives that seemed difficult at the time become valuable lessons for the future.
37. some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business. others prefer to work for an employer. would you rather be self-employed, work for someone else, or own a business?
38. should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?
39. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child‘s success in school.
40. if you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an inexperienced worker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary?
41. many teachers assign homework to students every day. do you think that daily homework is necessary for students?
42. if you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study, what would you choose?
43. some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. others think that the automobile has caused serious problems. what is your opinion?
44. which would you choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends?
45. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? grades (marks) encourage students to learn.
46. some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. other people say that computers
have made life more complex and stressful. what is your opinion?
47. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? the best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.
48. some universities require students to take classes in many subjects. other universities require students to specialize in one subject. which is better?
49. do you agree or disagree with the following statement? children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school.
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【篇三:历年托福阅读理解真题汇总(2012-2014)】
xt>历年托福阅读理解真题汇总(2012-2014)
摘要: 历年托福阅读理解真题汇总(2012-2014)!托福阅读需要大家进行大量的阅读,当然同学们要有针对性的选择阅读材料,这里将托福历年机经中的阅读内容给整理出来,方便大家阅读,来看看完整的2012-2014年托福阅读的考试内容吧!
历年 托福 阅读理解真题汇总(2012-2014)! 托福阅读 需要大家进行大量的阅读,当然同学们要有针对性的选择阅读材料,这里将托福历年机经中的阅读内容给整理出来,方便大家阅读,来看看完整的2012-2014年托福阅读的考试内容吧!
passage 1 by the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the american language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the united states. the ice trade grew with the growth of cities. ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. after the civil war (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. even before 1880, half the ice sold in new york, philadelphia, and baltimore, and one-third of that sold in boston and chicago, went to families for their own use. this had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. in the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. the commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
but as early as 1803, an ingenious maryland farmer, thomas moore, had been on the right track. he owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of washington, for which the village of georgetownwas the market center. when he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks.one advantage of his icebox, moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
1. what does the passage mainly discuss? (a) the influence of ice on the diet(b) the development of refrigeration (c) the transportation of goods to market (d) sources of ice in the nineteenth century
2. according to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the united states? (a) in 1803 (b) sometime before 1850 (c) during the civil war (d) near the end of the nineteenth century
3. the phrase forward-looking in line4 is closest in meaning to (a) progressive (b) popular (c) thrifty (d) well-established
4. the author mentions fish in line 4 because (a) many fish dealers also sold ice (b) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars (c) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice (d) fish was not part of the ordinary persons diet before the invention of the icebox
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5. the word it in line 5 refers to (a) fresh meat (b) the civil war (c) ice (d) a refrigerator
6. according to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox? (a)
competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars (b) the lack of a network for the distribution of ice (c) the use of insufficient insulation (d) inadequate understanding of physics
7. the word rudimentary in line 12 is closest in meaning to (a) growing (b) undeveloped (c) necessary (d)
uninteresting 8. according to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would (a) completely prevent ice from melting (b) stop air from circulating (c) allow ice to melt slowly (d) use blankets to conserve ice.
9. the author describes thomas moore as having been on the right track (lines 18-19) to indicate that (a) the road to the market passed close to moores farm (b) moore was an honest merchant (c) moore was a prosperous farmer (d) moores design was fairly successful
10. according to the passage , moores icebox allowed him to (a) charge more for his butter (b) travel to market at night (c) manufacture butter more quickly (d) produce ice all year round 11. the produce mentioned in line 25 could include (a) iceboxes (b) butter (c) ice (d) markets
passage 2
the geology of the earths surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. present on earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. it dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the earth. evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. this immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its
potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.
the rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. if we define residence time as the average time for awater molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean —we see that the times are very different. a water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. this last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents. a vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium,
and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form thethin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. sometimes soils are destroyed and
transported mechanically during flooding. the erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and
interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.
1. the word modifying in line 4 is closest in meaning to (a) changing (b) traveling (c) describing (d) destroying 2. the word which in line 5 refers to (a) clouds (b) oceans (c) continents (d) compounds 3. according to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water (a) precipitating onto the ground (b) changing from a solid to a liquid state (c) evaporating from the oceans (d) being carried by wind 4. the passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network (line 8) is to (a) determine the size of molecules of water (b) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding (c) move water from the earths surface to the oceans (d) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers 5. what
determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph? (a) the potential energy contained in water (b) the effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds (c) the amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents (d) the relative size of the water storage areas 6. the word rapidity in line 19 is closest in meaning to (a) significance (b) method (c) swiftness (d) reliability 7. the word they in line 24 refers to (a) insoluble ions (b) soluble ions (c) soils (d) continents
8. all of the following are example of soluble ions except (a) magnesium (b) iron (c) potassium (d) calcium 9. the word efficiency in line 27 is closest in meaning to (a) relationship (b) growth (c) influence (d) effectiveness
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相关字搜索: 历年托福阅读理解真题汇总
