
1.表示事物本质属性的一类不及物动词,通常可以用其主动语态表示被动意义此时它们后面常带well, easily, smoothly等副词。
*Your pen writes well / badly. 这支笔写起来流畅。
*This room cleans very easily. 这房间容易打扫。
*Clothes of this type sell well. 这种衣服很畅销。
*The damp match won’t strike. 湿火柴擦不着。
*This pair of shoes wears well and washes easily. 这双鞋耐穿并容易清洗
*The story told well. 这故事流传很广。
*The picture won’t color well. 这照片不好上色。
*She doesn’t photograph well. 她不上相。
*The lid of the bottle can open easily. 这瓶盖容易打开。
*Clothes iron easily when damp (wet). 衣服潮湿时更好熨。
2. 作定语用的动词不定式以其主动形式表示与被修饰词语的被动关系。这种现象在当代英语中普遍存在着。其语法特征是,语意上往往带有情态意义,时间上往往带有将来意义。不定式作定语主要修饰句子的主语、宾语和表语。
(1) 不定式修饰主语: “There+be+to do…”
☆There is no time to lose.
☆There are three children to look after.
☆Are there any more letters to post.
☆The first thing to do is to find a place to stay at.
(2) 不定式修饰宾语:“have sth. to do”
☆Do you have anything to say for yourself?
☆I have a large family to support.
☆You must find something to do while waiting there.
(3) 不定式修饰表语:
☆He is not a man to depend on.
☆She is an easy girl to deal with.
☆Tom is the very person to believe in/ trust.
3.与形容词连用,表示结果的不定式,也具备主动形式,表示被动意义
的语法特征,句子的主语即是动词不定式逻辑上的宾语。其模式为:
“Subject + be+ adj.+ to do”
△The box is heavy (light)to carry.
△This water is fit to drink.
△Frog’s legs are nice to eat.
△Mary is pleasant to talk to.
△The picture is beautiful to look at.
△The grass is very smooth to walk on.
△The ice is thin to walk on. 这冰薄得难以行走。
△He is strange to understand. 他简直不可思议。
△This problem is very important to discuss. 讨论这个问题非常重的。
△Old cars are cheap to buy. 买旧车很便宜。
△The sentence is not easy to explain. 这句子不容易解析。
△The furniture is difficult / heavy / light to carry. 这家具难搬。
△I felt I was to blame, too.
4.主动形式的动名词表示被动意义。
(1) 在及物动词need; want; require; stand; bear等后面的动名词主动形式表被动意义:
◇The rule needs explaining with great care. 这条规则需要仔细的解析。
◇These boxes wants numbering. 这些箱子需要编号。
◇She can’t stand criticizing. 她经不起批评。
◇Our classroom wants whitewashing. 教室需要粉刷了。
(2) 在介词above; beyond; far from; under; in need of等后面的动名词,主动形式表被动意义。
◇What you said is beyond understanding. 你所说的无法使人理解。
◇The teaching method is in need of improving. 这教学方法需要改进。
◇The computer is under repairing. 这台计算机正在修理。
◇The plan is far from completing. 这项计划远没有完成。
(3) “be + worth + doing”
◇The question is worth further discussing. 这个问题值得进一步讨论.
