《陈涉世家》基础知识练习

一、文学常识

1.本文选自          ，作者是      （朝代）的          （人名），他是       家、      家。

2.《史记》是我国第     部           通史，被列为“            ”之首。全书共        篇。记载了上至上古传说中的        时代，下至                    共3000多年的历史，与后来的《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》合称“             ”。

3.《史记》既是一部历史著作，又是一部优秀的文学著作，被鲁迅称为“                      ，                       ”。

4.《史记》全书共        篇。全书包括十二         （记历代帝王政绩）、三十        （记诸侯国和汉代诸侯、勋贵兴亡）、七十           （记重要人物的言行事迹，主要叙人臣，其中最后一篇为自序）、十        （大事年表）、八        （记各种典章制度记礼、乐、音律、历法、天文、封禅、水利、财用），共五十二万六千五百余字。

二、通假字

【发闾左適戍渔阳】        通          ，意思是                                                         

【固以怪之矣】        通          ，意思是                                                       

【为天下唱】        通          ，意思是                                                         

【将军身被坚执锐】        通       ，意思是                                             

三、找出词类活用的词并解释该词。

【大楚兴，陈胜王】                           【置人所罾鱼腹中】                               

【尉果笞广】                                【上使外将兵】                             

【天下苦秦久矣】                            【骑千余】                                 

【夜篝火】                                                                                  

【狐鸣呼曰】                               【固以怪之矣】                              

【将军身被坚执锐】                                                                            

【死国可乎】                               【乃丹书】                                                                                       

【法皆斩】                                 【忿恚尉】                                 

【皆指目陈胜】                                                                       

【功宜为王】                                【会天大雨】                               

四、一词多义 　　

1、之：①辍耕之垄上                     又间令吴广之次所旁从祠中                    

怅恨久之                      二世杀之                    

       楚人怜之                       然足下卜之鬼乎                    

      固以怪之矣                        令辱之                    

陈胜佐之                           皆下之                    

     杀之以应陈涉                       燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉                    

     复立楚国之社稷                      

2.而：夺而杀尉                       而戍死者固十六七                       

为坛而盟                           收而攻蕲                              

佣者笑而应曰                          

3.以：扶苏以数谏故                           或以为死，或以为亡                   

今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏﹑项燕                    吴广以为然                       

固以怪之矣                           以激怒其众                                   

祭以尉首                              乃令符离人葛婴将兵徇蕲以东                    

杀之以应陈涉                          

4.为：①为屯长                           ②为天下唱                            

③士卒多为用者                           ④为坛而盟                              

⑤项燕为楚将                           若为佣耕                                

陈胜自立为将军，吴广为都尉。                                                        

功宜为王                 陈涉乃立为王               号为张楚                   

 5. 次：①陈胜、吴广皆次当行               ②又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中                   

6.会：①会天大雨                            ②与皆来会计事                             

7.将：①上使外将兵                          　②项燕为楚将                                

③自立为将军                                   

8. 书：①乃丹书帛曰                      ②得鱼腹中书                             

9.数：①数有功                   广故数言欲亡                          

扶苏以数谏故                  卒数万人                             

数日，号令召三老﹑豪杰与皆来会计事                        

10.乃：①当立者乃公子扶苏                      ②陈胜乃立为王                    

陈胜﹑吴广乃谋曰                  乃行卜                乃入据陈                  

乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”                      乃诈称公子扶苏﹑项燕                        

11. 道：①道不通                         ②伐无道                              

12．然：①吴广以为然                      ②然足下卜之鬼乎                           

13.等：①等死，死国可乎                     ②公等遇雨                             

14.应：宜多应者                         佣者笑而应曰                              

五、重点词语解释

1.少时               2.尝         3.佣耕           4.怅          5.苟         

6.太息          7.嗟乎           8.安           11.发          12.闾左              

9.燕雀                            10.鸿鹄                       15.会              

13屯          67.皆刑其长吏                   14.当行             16.度           

17.失期              18.亡           19.举大计              20.等死                

21.死国可乎                  22.苦        23.怜           24.诚          25.诈         

26.指意              27.足下              28.威        29.罾           30.间           

31.次所            32.祠            33.篝           34.狐              35.旦日            

36.往往            37.语           38.素             39.忿恚              40.笞            

41.陈胜佐之         42.并杀两尉         43.召令          44.徒属          45.藉第令        

46.毋           47.宁         48.从民欲也                   66.社稷          49.袒          

50.盟          51.固          52. 蕲下       53.将兵         54.徇         55.比       

56.至       57.守丞            58.弗      59.据       .社            65.稷             

60.三老                       61.豪杰                    62.坚           63.锐          

六、重点语句翻译

1.陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕。                                                               

2.辍耕之陇上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”                                            

3.陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！ ”

4.发闾左谪戍渔阳，九百人屯大泽乡。

5.会天大雨，道不通，度已失期。失期，法皆斩。

6.今亡亦死，举大计亦死，死国可乎？                                                         

7.扶苏以数谏故，上使外将兵。                                                             

8.或以为死，或以为亡。                                                                   

9.今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏、项燕，为天下唱，宜多应者。                                  

10.乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”，置人所罾鱼腹中。

11.又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中，夜篝火，狐鸣呼曰：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”                           

12.旦日，卒中往往语，皆指目陈胜。                                                        

13.广故数言欲亡，忿恚尉，令辱之，以激怒其众。                                              

14.陈胜佐之，并杀两尉。                                                                   

15.召令徒属曰：“公等遇雨，皆已失期，失期当斩。”                                            

16.藉第令毋斩，而戍死者固十六七。                                                       

17.王侯将相宁有种乎？                                                                        

18.攻大泽乡，收而攻蕲。                                                                     

19.将军身被坚执锐，伐无道，诛暴秦，复立楚国之社稷，功宜为王。                          

20. 蕲下，乃令符离人葛婴将兵徇蕲以东。                                                   

21.数日，号令召三老、豪杰与皆来会议事。                                                  

22.卒买鱼烹食，得鱼腹中书，固以怪之矣。