
struct timeval结构体在time.h中的定义为: struct timeval { time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds. */ suseconds_t tv_usec; /* Microseconds. */ }; 其中,tv_sec为Epoch到创建struct timeval时的秒数,tv_usec为微秒
struct timeval结构体在time.h中的定义为:
struct timeval
{
time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds. */
suseconds_t tv_usec; /* Microseconds. */
};
其 中,tv_sec为Epoch到创建struct timeval时的秒数,tv_usec为微秒数,即秒后面的零头。比如当前我写博文时的tv_sec为1244770435,tv_usec为 442388,即当前时间距Epoch时间1244770435秒,442388微秒。需要注意的是,因为循环过程,新建结构体变量等过程需消耗部分时 间,我们作下面的运算时会得到如下结果:
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
printf("%d\%d\\n", tv.tv_usec, tv.tv_sec);
sleep(1);
}
442388 1244770435
443119 1244770436
443543 1244770437
444153 1244770438
前面为微秒数,后面为秒数,可以看出,在这个简单运算中,只能精确到小数点后面一到两位,或者可以看出,每进行一次循环,均需花费0.005秒的时间,用这个程序来作计时器显然是不行的,除非精确计算产生的代码消耗时间。
gettimeofday() -- 获取当前时间(保存在结构体timeval中)
#include #include #include int main(int argc, char * argv[]){ struct timeval tv; //(1) while(1){ gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); //(2) printf("time %u:%u\\n", tv.tv_sec, tv.tv_usec); sleep(2); } return 0; } (1) struct--timeval -------------------------------------------------- struct timeval { time_t tv_sec; /* seconds */ suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds */ }; millisecond 毫秒 microsecond 微秒 timeval表示一个时间点,比如: timeval.tv_sec = 1 (s) timevat.tv_usec = 500 000 (μs) 1:500 = 1s500000μs = 1.5s (2) gettimeofday() -------------------------------------------------- int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz); The functions gettimeofday() and settimeofday() can get and set the time as well as a timezone. The use of the timezone structure is obsolete; the tz argument should normally be specified as NULL. (3) 运行结果: -------------------------------------------------- time 1181788367:991487 time 1181788369:991602 表示睡眠2秒经过的精确时间为: 2s115μs
