
| 年级 | 六年级 | 学科 | 英语 | 版本 | 通用版 |
| 课程标题 | 小升初语法专项讲义:名词(一) | ||||
一、定义
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
二、分类
(一)
名词的种类:专有名词与普通名词的区分
普通名词:前面可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the或不加冠词。
专有名词:前面一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
| 专有名词 | 国名、地名、人名、团体机构名称 | |
| 普通名词 | 可数名词 | 个体名词 |
| 集合名词 | ||
| 不可数名词 | 物质名词 | |
| 抽象名词 | ||
(student是普通名词,John是专有名词)
(二)可数名词与不可数名词的区分:
1. 基本用法:
可数名词:可以数清数目的名词,与不定冠词a(an)连用,有复数形式。
不可数名词:数不清数目的名词(没有复数形式),不能与不定冠词a(an)连用。
2. 修饰:
many/a few / few +可数名词复数
much/a little/ little +不可数名词
some, any, a lot of(lots of)两者都可以修饰。
3. 表示数量:
可数名词:数词+可数名词
不可数名词:数词+量词+of +名词
对可数名词数量的提问:how many
对不可数名词数量的提问:how much
三、可数名词
可数名词可分为:单数
复数
我们的记忆表格变成了:
| 专有名词 | 国名、地名、人名、团体机构名称 | ||
| 普通名词 | 可数名词 | 单数 | |
| 复数 | 规则变化 | ||
| 不规则变化 | |||
| 不可数名词 | |||
如:a desk(一张桌子)
an old desk(一张旧书桌)
2. 可数名词的复数:
(1)规则名词的复数形式
| 规则 | 例词 | ||
| ① | 一般情况下在词尾加-s | map-maps, girl-girls, day-days | |
| ② | 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es | class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes | |
| ③ | 以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es | leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, wolf-wolves, self-selves | |
| ④ | 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es | party-parties, lady-ladies, story-stories, city-cities | |
| ⑤ | 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s | toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays | |
| ⑥ | 以元音字母o结尾的名词 | 在词尾加-es | hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes |
| 在词尾加-s | piano-pianos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos, radio-radios, video-videos, zoo-zoos, bamboo-bamboos | ||
| 规则 | 例词 | ||
| ① | 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth | |
| ② | 单复数相同 | sheep, deer, means, fish, yuan, jin | |
| ③ | 只有复数形式 | trousers, pants, shorts, jeans, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses | |
| ④ | 一些总是用作复数的集体名词 | people, police, family | |
| ⑤ | 部分集体名词既可以用作单数(整体),也可以用作复数(成员) | class, family, group, government, population, team, public | |
| ⑥ | 复数形式表示特别含义 | times(时代), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件、报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑、智力), greens(青菜) | |
| ⑦ | 表示“某国人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Europeans |
| 单复数同形 | Chinese, Japanese | ||
| 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women | Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen | ||
| ⑧ | 合成名词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | story-tellers, boy friends |
| 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grown-ups, housewives | ||
| 将两部分均变为复数 | women singers | ||
1. 用some, much, a little, a lot of, a bit of, plenty of等表示多少。
【例句】
There is much water in the bottle. 瓶中有很多水。
I'll tell you much good news. 我要告诉你许多好消息。
We should collect some useful information. 我们应该收集一些有用的信息。
2. 用单位词a... of表示。
如:a cup of(一杯……),a bottle of(一瓶……)
a piece of(一张……)
两杯水用英语怎么说?
【考题链接】
1. 汉译英:
__________________________一双鞋______________________________两双鞋
__________________________一杯茶______________________________两杯茶
__________________________一张纸______________________________五张纸
答案:
a pair of shoes(一双鞋)two pairs of shoes(两双鞋)
a cup of tea(一杯茶)two cups of tea(两杯茶)
a piece of paper(一张纸)five pieces of paper(五张纸)
2. They come from different ______________.
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
答案:B
3. They are ______________.
A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher
答案:B
同步练习:
一、请将下列可数名词和不可数名词进行归类,把单词的编号写在相应的位置上。
A. book B. milk C. rice D. banana E. soup F. water
G. tea H. hamburger I. bread J. money K. paper L. desk
M. toy N. baby O. season P. egg Q. coffee R. computer
S. tree T. meat U. pork V. tooth W. room X. pen
| Y. beef Z. chair |
2. 不可数名词:________________________________________________________
答案:
1. A D H L M N O P R S V W X Z
2. B C E F G I J K Q T U Y
二、把下列单数名词变成复数
coat _______ skirt _______ dress _______ house _______
watch _______ car _______ brush _______ box _______
toy _______ umbrella ______ ticket _______ fox _______
teacher _______ son _______ student _______ job _______
fly _______ radio_________ life __________ shelf _________
piano _________ sheep _________ foot _________ child _________
Chinese _________ baby ____ __ country ________ bus __________
Photo ____________
答案:coats, skirts, dresses, houses, watches, cars, brushes, boxes, toys, umbrellas, tickets, foxes, teachers, sons, students, jobs, flies, radios, lives, shelves, pianos, sheep, feet, children, Chinese, babies, countries, buses, photos
三、用括号中所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. We are ________(student).
2. I have five ________(watch).
3. Her father is a ________(doctor).
4. What’s your ______(job)?
5. What are their ________(job)?
6. These _________(shelf)are not very good.
7. Two ________(wolf)are in the forest.
8. The ____________(housewife)are very lazy.
9. I have two ________(knife). Do you need one?
10. There is a _______(hero).
11. This _______(photo)is very nice.
12. There is a red _________(tomato)on the table.
13. We have four ________(piano)in our school.
答案:students, watches, doctor, job, jobs, shelves, wolves, housewives, knives, hero, photo, tomato, pianos
四、选择填空
( )1. The _____ are on the table.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives
( )2. We need three more _____ to cook chips.
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
( )3. What big _____ the tiger has!
A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth
( )4. Please remember to give the horse some______.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf
( )5. There are 34 _____ in our school.
A. woman teachers B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. womans teachers
( )6. There on the wall. They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
( )7. There are four and two in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese, German D. Japanese, Germans
( )8. That’s art book.
A. an B. a C. are
( )9. There some in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish
( )10. There two in the box.
A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches
答案:1-5 CCCBB 6-10 BDADB
五、将下列句子改为复数句。
1. This is my friend.
2. That is his brother.
3. Is this your sister?
4. Is that her cousin?
5. What’s this?
6. This is an apple tree.
7. It is an old backpack.
答案:
1. These are my friends.
2. Those are his brothers.
3. Are these your sisters?
4. Are those her cousins?
5. What are these?
6. These are some apple trees.
7. They are some old backpacks.
