
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new s 1 in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (an animal like a large monkey without a tail) also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees s 2 an ancestor about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without any other t 3 , says Warneken, a scientist in Germany.
Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first a 4 experiment,a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick,but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage,and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t m 5 the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward.
In the next experiment, 36 children acted in a s 6 way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And s 7 , both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
(2)
Mary Kay is a well-known American businesswoman. Her company, Mary Kay Cosmetics Inc. , is a very successful company which s 1 cosmetics (化妆品) and employs people all over the world. She became successful through hard work and she has a strong belief in herself.
Mary Kay was born in America. Soon after she started school, her father became ill. Her mother worked 14 hours a day in a restaurant to s 2 the family. Mary Kay had to do housework, cook, and take care of her father.
After high school, her family couldn't afford to send her to college. So she got married and started a family. Then she started her sales career. At first, she sold books. Later, she visited people's homes to sell home care products. Mary Kay was successful selling those products. Her managers praised her work but never raised her pay. It t 3 her that men didn't believe that a woman could succeed in business. She decided to prove them wrong.
In 1963, Mary Kay started her own company. It sold many skin care and beauty products. Today the company has sales of more than 1,000 million dollars and employs more than 800,000 sales representatives in 37 countries around the world and most of them are w 4 .
Mary Kay shared with her employees her life motto—Belief first; Family second; Career third. Every year, she held an “Awards Night” and awarded a pink Cadillac car, diamond jewelries and 5-star vacations to s 5 employees. She praised them, not just money. The company wants women to feel good about themselves.
May Kay died in 2001. She was a tough businesswoman w 6 a great knowledge of marketing and sales. Through her belief in women’s abilities and her willingness to give them a chance, she made the d 7 of a successful career come true for hundreds of thousands of women all over the world.
(3)
Early that morning, Tom didn't go to work as usual. He thought he had caught a cold and phoned the restaurant to ask for leave. But Tom didn't really feel ill enough to stay in bed. I 1 , he decided to go to the new shopping mall to buy a watch. The mall was interesting so he spent a few hours looking around. He felt h 2 and bought some popcorn(爆米花). Suddenly a large red and blue parrot appeared above him and came down again and again to eat the popcorn from Tom's packet.
Tom was rather surprised, but he had seen the bird show at Ocean Park. He stretched out his arm and the parrot flew down and happily climbed onto his shoulder, and then onto his head.
The parrot was quite friendly. So Tom just stood there w 3 the parrot on his head.
The crowd of people grew and grew. A newspaper reporter heard the noise, saw the crowd and decided to investigate. This is what happened: the parrot escaped from the o 4 flat by flying out of the window. It enjoyed itself during the daytime, but when evening came the bird tried to find its home, without success.
By the time the parrot found Tom, it had been free for two days and it was very hungry. It had had a drink from the f 5 but it hadn't had anything to eat at all. Popcorn was not its favorite food, but there was nothing else. So when it saw Tom, it was very p 6 . It wanted a friend, it needed some food and it was hoping to go home.
Several hours later, the SPCA contacted (联系) the owner. He came to the mall with a bag of peanuts, which the parrot liked even better than popcorn. He put the peanuts into a cage and the parrot hopped in.
Tom r 7 at last. He was tired and hungry, but the Parrot's owner thanked him and even gave him a reward—just enough to buy the watch.
(4)
It was a sunny summer Saturday. The sun shone down upon the grassland round Clover Farm. Robby, the eldest of the farmer’s four children, was not happy.
“Come on, Robby, tell me the t 1 ,” called out his mother from the house where she was at work.
Robby answered, “Mother, I don’t want to take the children to the grassland. I want to please myself!”
“Who told you to take the children to the grassland --- Father?” Mother asked.
“Yes, it was. He said I was to take them to play on the grassland, and not to leave there until he came back from the market.”
“And what is it you want to do instead?”
“I want to go with my net down to Butterfly Corner. There will be lots of butterflies out this sunny day. And the other boys at school are all c 2 . They have more than I do.”
“Oh, dear! But I can guess why he gave those orders. He knew that this is a very busy day for me,” his mother said. “And as this is market-day at the town, he would be away until dinner time. So, you see, he has left you in charge. You are in Father’s p 3 this morning to guard the farm and all of us, especially the little kids. Don’t you think it’s an honor to be so trusted (信任)?”
Something h 4 in Robby’s heart because of his mother’s words. He walked quietly away. After all, what were the butterflies compared with the kids left in his charge? “Hip, hip, hooray!” Robby cheered. He had won a victory --- o 5 himself.
“Hi, Nettie! Hi, Dumps! Come along ! And where’s Baby ? We’re going to the grassland, and I’ll teach you to play a new game!” he shouted.
The four kids enjoyed a happy day.
At the dinner table, Father showed the family a new bike. He said to Robby, “Now I’ll tell you w 6 I wanted you to stay at home this morning. It was for this surprise. Look, my boy! For weeks back I’ve been planning to buy this bicycle for you. Today I bought it, and it’s yours!”
For a few seconds Robby could not believe his eyes. The good, kind father had been planning for this boy’s p 7 ! “Oh, Father!” he cried.
(5)
Life in an American high school is an interesting and exciting learning experience. High school in America is not just a p 1 for studying some subjects. It is also an important social center, where students can develop other interests and talents.
The high school is d 2 into four years. The teenager usually starts school at about 8 am ,and ends at about 3 pm. There’s no school on Saturday.
Students have lunch at the school cafeteria, where they can choose from a variety of good things to eat and drink. After lunch they play a sport, talk to friends or s 3 relax. The lunch break lasts about an hour.
When the school day ends, some students go home, but many still stay at school for after-school activities. There are many activities and clubs to choose. With the headmaster’s agreement, students can start any kind of club that is e 4 and fun!
In the afternoon many students practice sports with the school team. Sports are an important part of high school life. It’s an honour (荣誉)to play on the school team.
American high school students like to be "popular". This m 5 being a good student, being active in the community and being well-liked by others. Popular students are elected to take part in student government. Every year in June there are prizes for the best athletes and the best athletes.
There are many social e 6 such as Spring Dance and School Picnic during the school year which involve (涉及) the whole school and the teachers.
Most American high school students have a part-time job during the school year and a full-time job during the summer. Parents encourage their children to work b 7 its part of growing up and becoming responsible and independent.
Most high schools have a job list to help students find work. Teenagers are fond of their jobs!
(6)
It seems like a magic trick sometimes. One day you walk down a street in Shanghai lined with old buildings. The next week you walk down the s 1 street and all the buildings are gone. It’s as if a magician had waved his wand: now you see it, now you don’t. And the next week the magician has done his work again, because that same street if now lined with high rise apartments and shopping malls.
Urban redevelopment (城市改造) is a f 2 of life in all of China’s cities. There has been a rush to become modern and to improve the living standards of Chinese people. But, as in most cases, when something is g 3 , something is also lost. In this case, what is lost is the connection to history that many old buildings represent.
During the Spring Festival a traditional courtyard house (siheyuan) in Beijing was pulled down. Ironically (讽刺的是) , it had been the home of Liang Sicheng (梁思成) , an architect in the early twentieth century who had f 4 hard to preserve (保护) old buildings. The developer who tore down the house apologized and said he would rebuild it. But rebuilding history is not the same as preserving it. It’s like the farmer who said he was s 5 using the same axe that his great grandfather used a hundred years ago although, he admitted, the head of the axe had been replaced twice and the handle three times.
Buildings are usually preserved for two reasons: they are e 6 architecturally interesting or they have a connection to a famous person or event. Shanghai has listed nearly four hundred buildings as worthy of historical preservation. Some, such as Mayfair Mansions on Suzhou Creek (苏州河) , have had a great influence on m 7 Western architecture. Others, such as Soong Ching Ling’s villa on Huaihai Road, provide us with a link to the founding of New China.
So we shouldn’t be in a rush to tear them all down.
(7)
Steve Jobs died at the age of 56, after a very long battle with cancer. His d 1 was mourned by millions of people worldwide. He was a businessman, but he was the “Michael Jackson” of businessmen. His Apple products were like songs that touched people’s hearts and changed their lives. Jobs was not an i 2 , but he was an innovator (革新者) and a man with a great vision. He took technology that others had invented and
designed products that had great style and were easy for people to use. And he made Apple products seem cool! The iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad were always the c 3 products on the market.
Steve Jobs was also a good example of “The American Dream.”He came from humble beginnings. He had been adopted as a child by a working class family in California. He didn’t have a good education. I 4 , he dropped out of college early on and started Apple in his garage. But his success was soon followed by adversity.
Jobs was fired as CEO of the company in 1985, but that setback (挫折) did not stop him. Jobs built a new computer company and also started Pixar (皮克斯动画工作室) which produced the hit movies Toy Story and Finding Nemo. Later, when Apple was struggling, Jobs was brought back to s 5 the company—and he did it!
Jobs is really a great role model for young people. He had a dream and he tool chances ( even f 6 chances, he admitted ) to achieve that dream. He suffered setbacks in business and in his health, but he refused to let those setbacks dampen (阻止) his desire of achieving his dream. In the end, he l 7 some inspirational words for young innovators: “Stay hungry, stay foolish!”
(8)
I once knew a man who was rich in his love for birds, and in turn earned their love for him. He lived in the midst of a grove (小树林) full of all kinds of trees. He had no wife or children in his home.
He was an old man with a gray beard, blue and kind eyes, and a voice that the birds loved; and this was the w 1 he made them his friends.
While he was at work in the grove, the birds came close to him to pick up the worms in the fresh earth he dug up. At first, they k 2 some distance from him, but they soon found he was a kind man, and would not hurt them, but liked to have them near him.
They knew this by his kind eyes and voice, which told w 3 was in the heart. So, day by day their faith in his love grew in them.
They came close to the rake. They would hop on top of it to be first at the worm. They would turn up their eyes into his when he spoke to them, as if they said, “He is a kind man; he loves us; we need not fear him.” All the birds of the grove were s 4 his fast friends. They were on the watch for him, and would fly down from the green tree tops to greet him with their chirp (喳喳声,唧唧声).
When he had n 5 work to do with his rake or his hoe, he took crusts
of bread with him, and dropped the crumbs on the ground. Down they would dart on his head and feet to catch the crumbs as they fell from his hand.
He s 6 me how they loved him. He put a crust of bread in his mouth, holding it between his lips. Down they came like bees at a flower, and flew off with it crumb by crumb.
When they though he slept too long in the morning, they would fly in and sit on the bedpost, and call him with their chirp.
They went with him to church, and while he said his prayers and sang his hymns, they sat in the trees, and sang their praises to the same good God who cares for them as he does for us.
Thus the love and trust of birds were a j 7 to him all his life long; and such love and trust no boy or girl can fail to win with the same kind heart, voice and eye that he had.
(9)
This year some twenty-three teenagers from all over the world will spend about ten months in US homes. They will attend USA schools, meet US teenagers, and form impressions of the r 1 America. At the same time, about thirteen hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.
Here is a two-way student e 2 in action. Fred, a boy of nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.
Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months’ study, the l 3 began to come to him. School was completely different from what he expected-much harder. Students took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were a 4 no outside activities.
Family life too, was different. The father’s word was law, and all activities were a 5 the family not a certain member of the family. Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.
“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you w 6 , but you soon learn to like it.”
At the same time in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea.“I suppose the lessons in American schools are too easy by our level,” he says. “But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are b 7 in training for citizens. ” There ought to be some middle ground between the two.
(10)
Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest p 1 . It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results.
If so, use these tips to help you.
Study Techniques
You should always study in the s 2 place. You shouldn't sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don't watch TV while you are studying. Experts w 3 that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract (make less concentrated) you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, s 4 all your equipment in a box beside it.
Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees.
Be realistic and don't try to complete too much in one study period. Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a b 5 , get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
Test-taking Skills
All your hard work will be for n 6 if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months.
Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food, too.
When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too o 7 . Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
答案:
(1) study、share、training、animal、met、similar、still
(2) sells、support、taught、women、 successful、with、dream
(3) Instead、hungry、with、owner's、 fountain、 pleased、relaxed
(4) trouble、collecting、place、happened、over、shy、pleasure
(5)place、divided、simply、educational、means、events、because
(6)same、fact 、gained、fought、still、either、modern
(7)death、inventor、coolest、Instead、save、foolish、left
(8)way、kept、what、soon、no、showed、joy
(9)real、exchange、language、almost、around、walk、better
(10)problem、same、warn 、store、break 、nothing、often
