2020 南京信息工程大学 英语1

2019-2020学年第一学期基础英语1课程试卷( A 卷)本试卷共 12 页；考试时间120分钟；命题教师2019级基础英语1全体教师；出卷时间2019年12月

_______________________学院_______________________专业2019级普通/提高______班学号______________________姓名_______________________

试卷说明

请考生务必在做题前仔细阅读：

（1）13:55发试卷, 本试题应在120分钟内完成。16:00全部考试结束。

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Part I Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an application letter. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words and base your composition on the outline given

below in Chinese.

假设你是张丽，学校要承办一个国际会议，正在招聘志愿者。你比较感兴趣，想要参加，

请根据以下提示写一封申请信。

1.应聘的优势

2.如果被选为志愿者，你将会如何做

注意：此部分在答题纸上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 35 points) Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After

you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)

and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the

center.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) Because the storm had cut power to them. B) Because the roads to them had been flooded.

C) Because there might be mud slides. D) Because there might be tsunami.

2. A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon. B) It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.

C) It is the strongest one in years. D) It was at its strongest on Saturday afternoon. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) A car crash. B) A bushfire. C) A burglary. D) A terrorist attack.

4. A) More than 15 homes had moved out. B) More than 50 homes had joined the fight.

C) They had not had the fire under control yet. D) They had found a way to put out the fire. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.

B) They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.

C) They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.

D) They are no longer needed as a photo spot.

6. A) It is the most visited monument in the world.

B) It is totally free of charge for visiting.

C) The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.

D) The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.

7. A) Less visitor entrances. B) More security guards. C) Ornamental lights. D) Better elevators.Section B

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After

you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)

and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the

centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) Students’ being over-praised. B) Students’ class performance.

C) Complementary skills. D) Cultural essence.

9. A) It gives kids a false sense of success. B) It affects students’ confidence.

C) It harms the teacher-student relationship. D) It leads to low-quality family education.

10. A) They do not really know how to do things well.

B) They should receive a reward without paying efforts.

C) They cannot be promoted unless they are doing well.

D) They should make efforts to pursue their dreams.

11. A) They babied Jane and her classmates. B) They praised their students all the time.

C) They often yelled at their students. D) They be lieved in “no efforts, no praise”. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) An interview between a customer and a shopping assistant.

B) An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.

C) A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.

D) A conversation between an air hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.

13. A) Because many people want to stay in shape on the road.

B) Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.

C) Because many people are tired after long flights.

D) Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.

14. A) Seasonal ones. B) Fresh ones. C) Local ones. D) Juicy ones.

15. A) Disappointing. B) Satisfying. C) Outdated. D) Lovely.

Section C

Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you

hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)

and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the

centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) To persuade. B) To give advice.

C) To criticize. D) To make comments.

17. A) To make friends with the local people. B) To improve your language skills.

C) To read about the local culture. D) To learn the local way of life.

18. A) They are frightened. B) They are shy. C) They are beautiful. D) They are active. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.

B) They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.

C) They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.

D) They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.

20. A) They will surely face massive unemployment.

B) They will need less income tax to spend.

C) They will have less income tax to spend.

D) They will have more needs to meet the infrastructure.

21. A) Psychologists. B) Police officers. C) Room cleaners. D) Doctors. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.

B) People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.

C) People who sleep late are easily irritated.

D) People who sleep late are slow and ineffective in their jobs.

23. A) You will feel exhausted all day long. B) You can’t j ustify your lateness.

C) You will be late for your work. D) You can’t f ind persuasive excuses.

24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves.

B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention.

C) Because they can read the most fascinating book.

D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality.

25. A) Intelligence quotient tests. B) Emotional intelligence tests.

C) Deductive reasoning tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.

Part III Reading Comprehension (30 minutes, 35 points) Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified

by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet with a single

line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Getting a university degree isn’t just good for your mind—it’s good for your heart, says a new study in the journal BMC (British Medical Council) Public Health. The longer you spend in education, the lower your blood pressure is likely to be. This is (26) ________ true for women.

Scientists from the US, Canada, UK and Australia examined 30 years of (27) _______ from 3,0 people of the Framingham Offspring Study, which (28) ________ the education and the medical histories of 3,0 people. Researchers divided subjects into three groups, low education (12 years or less), (29) ________ education (13 to 16 years) and high education (17 years or more). They then (30) ________ the average systolic blood pressure for the 30-year period.

Women with low education had a blood pressure 3.26 mmHg higher than those with a high (31) ________ of education. In men the difference was 2.26 mmHg. Lead author Eric Loucks, assistant professor of (32) ________ health at Brown University, said the analysis may (33) ________ a well-known association in the developed world between education and heart disease. Uneducated people tend to (34) ________ up in demanding jobs that give workers little control, which have been associated with high blood pressure, said researchers. The effect is greater in women, said Loucks, because “women with (35) ________ education are more likely to be experiencing depression; they are more likely to be single parents, more likely to be living in impoverished areas and more likely to be living below the poverty line.”

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each

paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter

on Answer Sheet.

A World in Transition

A) This year opens in the wake of the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference (COP21) and the launch of

the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The former sets out to reach an agreement on carbon emissions, whereas the latter aims to combat poverty and inequality while protecting the environment.

Both address critical sets of challenges with profound implications for the way the world operates.

And both require serious considerations about energy.

B) It’s clear that dealing with climate change calls for deep (and, likely, total) decarbonization of our

energy system, which entails a fundamental transformation of our infrastructure. It also demands immediate and rapid action, as our window for avoiding the disastrous consequences of carbon emissions is ever shrinking. Yet at the same time, global energy demand continues to rise, particularly in emerging and developing countries, raising concerns about energy security even in the developed world, where one rarely considers that the lights may not come on when the switch is flipped. How do we meet demand and still achieve the required rapid changes when making decisions about energy supply can take years, and the development and construction of energy sources can take even longer?C) Science and technology undoubtedly play a vital role. Research efforts continue to furnish us with

fresh insights into fundamental phenomena that help us develop better devices and processes for generating or storing energy. For example, new studies of photovoltaics are enabling more efficient cells to be constructed, and presenting cheaper, more flexible approaches to building them; new findings into interfacial or catalytic phenomena generate advances in storage technologies that could bolster deployment of intermittent renewables and reshape the grid; a deeper understanding of materials and chemistry can offer more efficient routes to the generation of fuels. Technology innovation brings a wealth of new applications, overcoming issues of supply or energy efficiency, allowing us to address many of the challenges we face today and hopefully many of those we aren’t yet aware of.

D) Yet to believe that technology alone will save us is to forget that technologies must be used by people.

It is not enough to just build and implement new technologies: the way we use, interact with, and think about them is critical as well. Given several options of equal scientific merit, the choice of which to pursue depends on social, cultural, economic and political factors. Thus, we shouldn’t forget that science and technology form part of a bigger and more complicated system, full of important feedbacks and loops. If we can better understand the way that individuals and societies engage with energy on different levels, we can design better tools or deploy them in more appropriate ways, reaping greater rewards.

E) Consider photovoltaics. Understanding how to improve the efficiency of a solar cell is just one step in

the process of increasing the use of solar power: we must also know how to build modules that are long-lasting and durable; that are cheap to produce at scale and easy to install; or that can fulfil functions that other designs can’t. To make solar power competitive in the marketplace, we have to think about subsidies and what level of economic support might be required over what period. There are also issues around where to install solar panels: where are good locations, why do people object to building solar farms near to them, what motivates some people to install solar power and others to refuse to adopt it? Solar power (as well as other renewable sources like wind) also enables individuals, communities, towns and cities to power themselves independently of centralized providers and to become producers of energy as well as consumers, selling excess electricity back to the grid. This gives rise to a number of further challenges for grid operation, business models, regulation and governance. And this is all to say nothing of the additional opportunities that open up when photovoltaics are linked to other technologies, like storage or smart grids. By thinking more carefully at a systems level, combining natural and social science considerations, we can move towards a more integrated, flexible energy system that better fulfills our goals.

F) No one discipline can truly claim to have all the answers to our energy challenges. What is needed is a

multiplicity of voices — a combined effort from many disciplines all trying to understand how we can facilitate the energy transition but also all interacting with one another, sharing the benefits of their wisdom for the mutual good. Of course, this multitude speaks many different languages. Multi- and interdisciplinary studies — of which there are an ever-growing number — help here by playing an increasingly important role in removing the traditional boundaries between groups and broadening the conversation.

G) By orienting itself around a subject, not a discipline, Nature Energy hopes to be a home for the many

different voices needed, publishing the best research and opinion on energy issues across the natural and social sciences. It also presents perspectives and opinions on different aspects of the energy system, from carbon capture and storage projects to grid balancing and storage for renewables. It wants to publish the research that matters the most to each field but that will also be of interest and influential for people working elsewhere in energy.

H) Energy is an enormous but exciting field. The transition to the cleaner, greener, fairer energy system of

the future is underway. Nature Energy looks forward to helping speed it along.

36. Nature Energy hopes to serve as a forum for the spread and discussion of pressing energy questions.

37. The launch of the UN Sustainable Development Goals aims to combat poverty and inequality while

protecting the environment.

38. Scientific researches give us great ideas of exploring new energy sources.

39. Many factors should be taken into consideration as we plan to use new energy.

40. How to use the solar power well is a good example of incorporating both natural and social science

considerations.

41. Carbon emissions have caused serious problems to mankind.

42. Energy transition calls for joint efforts from many disciplines.

43. The energy issue poses a challenge not only for the developing countries but also for the developed

ones.

44. Nature Energy looks forward to helping speed the transition to the cleaner, greener, fairer energy

system of the future.

45. Solar energy differs from traditional sources in that individuals can join in the production of energy.

Section C

Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You

should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a

single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The American Psychological Association (APA) warns that the loneliness epidemic now represents a threat to public health that exceeds that of obesity.

Before getting into the specifics, we need to have a clear understanding of what loneliness is, and what it isn’t: Loneliness is defined subjectively, not objectively. In other words, what matters is not how many friends you have or how many people you have around you on a daily basis. Rather, what matters is whether you feel emotionally or socially disconnected from others. Indeed, many people who are married and live with family members report feeling significant loneliness, because they feel emotionally disconnected from their partners and loved ones.The most tragic and compelling aspect of the loneliness epidemic is how preventable it is. The problem is a fundamental lack of awareness, both for lonely people and for those around them. It isn’t easy to approach a friend or loved one and express concerns about their smoking habits or their obesity, yet many of us do so regardless. But how many of us have approached a friend or loved one to discuss our concerns about their loneliness?

Public dialogues about the dangers of smoking and of obesity have gone on for decades. People who smoke and those who struggle with obesity are aware that their health and longevity are at risk. But lonely people are largely unaware of the risks they face, as are their friends and loved ones.

Consider that when a loved one smokes, there is nothing we can do to help them other than urge them to change their habits and lifestyle. But when it comes to loneliness, we can actually be the solution: we can reach out, call, visit, and include them in activities and get-togethers. We can initiate deeper, more meaningful conversations and make them feel seen and loved.

Solutions should come from within our neighborhoods and communities as well. Local municipalities and neighborhood associations could organize activities for retired persons. Schools can urge students to visit with homebound people or those with limited mobility. The options for interventions are numerous.

46. It can be learned from the second paragraph that ________.

A) those who often hang out with friends are less likely to feel lonely

B) those who live with family members are less likely to feel lonely

C) those who are married are more likely to feel lonely than unmarried ones

D) those who lack communication with partners are more likely to feel lonely

47. People seldom discuss the topic about loneliness with their friends because ________.

A) it’s too embarrassed to talk about it among friends

B) most people haven’t realized the risk of loneliness.

C) this topic is one of the great taboos among friends

D) it’s not easy to approach a friend to discuss the problem

48. Which of the following is true about the risk of loneliness?

A) Obese people are more alert to the risk of loneliness.

B) Most lonely people have realized the risk of loneliness.

C) People who smoke can easily recognize the risk of loneliness.

D) The friends around lonely people often overlook the risk of loneliness.

49. According to the passage, which of the following is mentioned to relieve loneliness?

A) We can urge our lonely friends to change their bad habits.

B) We can have heart-to-heart talks with our lonely friends.

C) Local municipalities can provide funds to help those lonely elderly people.

D) Schools can organize students feeling lonely to take outdoor activities.

50. What is the main idea of the passage?

A) The possible cause of loneliness has to be studied further.

B) The definition of loneliness needs to be discussed further.

C) The threat of loneliness to public health should be taken seriously.

D) The dangers of smoking and obesity deserve great public attention.Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The human impact on the Amazon rainforest has been grossly underestimated according to researcher from Brazil and the UK.

They found that selective logging (砍伐树木) and surface wildfires can result in an annual loss of 54 billion tonnes of carbon from the Brazilian Amazon, increasing greenhouse gas emissions. This is equivalent to 40% of the yearly carbon loss from deforestation—when entire forests are chopped down.

This is the largest ever study estimating the above and below-ground carbon loss from selective logging and ground level forest fires in the tropics, based on data from 70,000 sampled trees and thousands of soil, rubbish and dead wood samples from 225 sites in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.

The forest degradation often starts with logging of prized trees. Once the forest has been logged, the many gaps in the canopy(林冠) means it becomes much drier due to exposure to the wind and sun, increasing the risk of wildfires spreading inside the forest.

The combination of selective logging and wildfires damages turns primary forests into a thick scrub (发育不良的矮树丛) full of smaller trees and plants, which stores 40% less carbon than undisturbed forests.

So far, climate change policies on the tropics have effectively been focusing on reducing carbon emission from deforestation only, not accounting for emissions coming from forest degradation.

Lead research Dr. Erika Berenguer from Lancaster University said, “The impacts of fire and logging in tropical forests have always been largely overlooked by both the scientific community and policy makers who are primarily concerned with deforestation. Yet our results show how these disturbances can severely degrade the forest, with huge amounts of carbon being transferred from plant matter straight into the atmosphere.”

The second author, Dr. Joice Ferreira from Embrapa in Brazil, said, “Our findings also draw attention to the necessity for Brazil to implement more effective policies for reducing the use of fire in agriculture, as fires can both completely destroy private property, and escape into surrounding forests causing widespread degradation. Bringing fire and illegal logging under control is key to reaching our national commitment to reducing carbon emissions.”

51. What is the possible result of selective logging and surface wildfires in the Amazon rainforest?

A) More carbon is released. B) More greenhouse gas is released.

C) The whole forest gets cut down. D) 45 billion tonnes of carbon is lost.

52. What do we know about the study?

A) It was done by researchers from Brazil and the U.S.

B) It was the largest study that ever done in the tropics.

C) It explored the above and below-ground gas emission.

D) It collected samples from the eastern Brazilian Amazon.53. Which kind of tress does the forest degradation often begin to log?

A) Big trees. B) Cherished trees.

C) Trees that grow fast. D) Trees for appreciation.

54. What will happen if there are many gaps in the canopy?

A) The forest will become much drier. B) The forest will need much more fertilizer.

C) There will be more wildfires inside the forest. D) There will be less and less trees and plants.

55. What is crucial for the government to reduce carbon emissions?

A) Restrict the use of fire in life. B) Plant more trees and plants.

C) Control fire and illegal logging. D) Protect the forest from the wind and sun.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions:For this past, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.

You should write your answer on Answer Sheet.

中国的爱情故事多种多样，它们都是从中国5000年的历史中发展而来的。中国爱情故事源于人们的日常生活，它承载着人们的梦想，反映了人们想要过上的生活。中国爱情故事总是包含对抗力量的内容，告诉人们追求真爱需要勇气和坚持。作为中国文化的一部分，所有的中国爱情故事都展示了中国人民的勇气、坚持和智慧。

Answer Sheet

Part I Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 35 points)

01. [A] [B] [C] [D] 02. [A] [B] [C] [D] 03. [A] [B] [C] [D] 04. [A] [B] [C] [D] 05. [A] [B] [C] [D]

06. [A] [B] [C] [D]

07. [A] [B] [C] [D]

08. [A] [B] [C] [D]

09. [A] [B] [C] [D]

10. [A] [B] [C] [D] 11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 12. [A] [B] [C] [D] 13. [A] [B] [C] [D] 14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 15. [A] [B] [C] [D] 16. [A] [B] [C] [D] 17. [A] [B] [C] [D] 18. [A] [B] [C] [D] 19. [A] [B] [C] [D] 20. [A] [B] [C] [D] 21. [A] [B] [C] [D] 22. [A] [B] [C] [D] 23. [A] [B] [C] [D] 24. [A] [B] [C] [D] 25. [A] [B] [C] [D]

Part III Reading Comprehension (30 minutes, 35 points)

26. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

27. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

28. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

29. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

30. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

31. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

32. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

33. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

34. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

35. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I ] [J ] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O]

36. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 37. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 38. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 39. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 40. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 41. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 42. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 43. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 44. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 45. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] 46. [A] [B] [C] [D]

47. [A] [B] [C] [D] 48. [A] [B] [C] [D] 49. [A] [B] [C] [D] 50. [A] [B] [C] [D] 51. [A] [B] [C] [D] 52. [A] [B] [C] [D] 53. [A] [B] [C] [D] 54. [A] [B] [C] [D] 55. [A] [B] [C] [D]

Part IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)

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