
运动系统(Locomotor System)
骨 学 (Osteology )
osteology 骨学
* bone,bony 骨
skeleton,skletal (a.) 骨骼
long (short,flat) bone 长(短,扁)骨
irregular bone 不规则骨
pneumatic bone 含气骨
sesamoid bone 籽骨,
shaft,diaphysis 骨干,骨体
bony(osseous)substance 骨质
compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质
trabeculae 骨小梁
periosteum (外)膜
endosteum 骨内膜
medullary 髓腔
red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓
中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)
躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)
* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱
* vertebral canal 椎管
intervertebral foramen 椎间孔
cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral)
curvature 颈(胸,腰,骶)曲
vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨
vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓)
pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根
lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板
vertebral foramen 椎孔
spinous process 棘突
transverse process 横突
superior (inferior) articular process 上(下)
关节突
cervical vertebrae 颈椎
atlas 寰椎
axis 枢椎
prominent vertebrae 隆椎
thoracic vertebrae胸椎
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
thoracic cavity 胸腔
superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口
costal arch 肋弓
intercostals space 肋间隙
infrasternal angle 胸骨下角
* ribs ,costa(costae) 肋
* sternum 胸骨
Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄
Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)
Xiphoid process 剑突
颅骨(skull)
cerebral cranium 脑颅
cranial cavity颅腔
calvaria 颅盖
pterion 翼点
jugular foramen颈静脉孔
internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面
anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中,后)窝
facial cranium 面颅
orbit 眶
bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔
piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨
状孔,鼻前孔
posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔
bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔
superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道
temporal fossa 颞窝
zugomatic arch 颧弓
infratemporal fossa 颞下窝
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
cranial fontaelles 颅囟
anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟
anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle前 (后)外侧囟
cranial bones 脑颅骨
occipital bone 枕骨
large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔
external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸
superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线
sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟
sphenoid bone 蝶骨
hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝
optic canal 视神经管
round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆, 棘)孔
temporal bone 颞骨
petrous part 岩部
mastoid process 乳突
carotid canal 颈动脉管
tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖
arcuate eminence 弓状隆起
trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹
internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门
internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道
jugular fossa 颈静脉窝
styloid process 茎突
stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔
facial canal 面神经管
external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道)
parietal,parietal bone 顶骨
parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)
frontal bone 额骨
frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节)
superciliary arch 眉弓
supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹
fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝
ethmoid bone 筛骨
cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)
facial bones 面颅骨
inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲
lacrimal bone 泪骨
nasal bone鼻骨
vomer梨骨
* maxilla上颌骨
palatine bone 腭骨
zygomatic bone 颧骨
* mandible 下颌骨
ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角)
masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆
coronoid process 冠突
condylar process 髁突
hyoid bone 舌骨
附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton)
shoulder girdle 上肢带骨,肩带骨
scapula 肩胛骨
acromion 肩峰
superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下,外
侧)缘
coracoid process 喙突
superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下,外
侧)角
glenoid cavity关节盂
* clavicle 锁骨
bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨
* Humerus 肱骨
head of humerus 肱骨头
anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈
greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节
crest of greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结
节嵴
sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟
deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆
trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车
olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴 (冠
突,桡)窝
medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁
sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟
* radius 桡骨
head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)
articular circumference 环状关节面
radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆
interosseous border 骨间缘
styloid process 茎突
ulnal notch 尺切迹
carpal articular surface 腕关节面
* uana 尺骨
olecranon 鹰嘴
coronoid process 冠突
ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆
trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹
head of ulna 尺骨头
bones of hand 手骨
carpal bones 腕骨
scaphoid bone 手舟骨
lunate bone 月骨
triangular bone 三角骨
pisiform bone 豌豆骨
trapezium bone 大多角骨
trapezoid bone 小多角骨
capitate bone 头状骨
hamate bone 钩骨
hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩
Metacarpal bones 掌骨
phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨
proximal (middle, distal) phalanx近(中, 远)指(或趾)骨
下肢骨 (Bones of lower limb)
pelvic girdle 下肢带骨,盆带骨
* hip bone 髋骨
acetabulum 髋臼
acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)
obturator foramen 闭孔
* Ilium 髂骨
body (ala) of ilium 髂骨体(翼)
arcuate line 弓状线
iliac crest 髂嵴
Tubercle 髂结节
Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上(下)棘
Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘
Iliac fossa 髂窝
Auricular surface 耳状面
Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆
* Ischium 坐骨
Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹
* Pubis 耻骨
Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面
superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支
ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起
pecten of pubis 耻骨梳
bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨
* femur 股骨
fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹
head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)
greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子
intertrochanteric line 转子间线
intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴
linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线
pectineal line 耻骨肌线
gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆
popliteal surface腘面
medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁
adductor tubercle 收肌结节
intercondylar fossa 髁间窝
medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁
patella 髌骨
* tibia 胫骨
intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起
shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆
soleal line 比目鱼肌线
medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁
Fibula,perone 腓骨
bones of foot 足骨
tarsal bones 跗骨
talus 距骨
calcaneus 跟骨
navicular bone 足舟骨
medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨
lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨
intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨
cuboid bone 骰骨
metatarsal bones 跖骨
phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨
