
The Tufts DrPh program is based on a framework that reflects the competencies required by a leader in public health. The curriculum, which is flexible to the interests and background of the student, is designed to give the student the advanced skills necessary to synthesize and apply scientific, biomedical, and public health knowledge and research to improve the health of populations.
required and elective courses
A wide variety of elective courses are available within the Public Health Program and through other graduate and professional schools at Tufts University.
One of the distinctions between a traditional PhD and the DrPH program is the focus on public health practice.
a qualified public health practitioner/mentor.
This practicum will provide the student with a structured opportunity to master competencies needed to support their future careers as public health leaders.
mastery of these competencies may be achieved through several apprenticeships.
A student will be admitted to candidacy
1.T he careers outlined in this book represent a small window into the enormous world of public health, where wonderful opportunities abound.
2. the aphorism that serendipity favors the prepared mind. In fact, a theme that recurs in many of the chapters in this guide is how important it is to be prepared to face the multiple challenges of our field. A second recurring theme is that the education of the past is but a preparation for the present and a forecast to the future, which is another way of saying that a career in public health is a career of lifetime learning.
1.穆罕穆德.尤努斯 1) 1974年 孟加拉国经历大规模的饥荒,几十万人都饿死了,我觉得很难过,因为我在教室里讲授美妙的经济学理论,告诉他们精彩的解决办法,但是走出教室你就会看到饿死的人们,就在你眼前。我发现,面对可怕的问题,你的理论压根起不了作用。
2)他告诉学生,要用一种如虫子般的眼光而不是鸟类的眼光看待世界。
因为鸟是从高空观察世界,离世界太高,可能无法看清每一件事物,从而你开始想象,从而你会基于想象去做出决定,而不是基于事实。
3)由于用大学教授的身份担保,尤努斯拿到了200美元的贷款,他的同事觉得一个教授做这种事有失身份,但是他对此毫不在乎,我不在乎他们是否喜欢,不在乎这是否是一个教授应该做的。
4)在孟加拉某些贫苦地区,妇女几乎完全没有社会地位。在很多案例里,妇女们拿着手里的第一笔30或35美元的贷款时,双手一直在颤抖,不知所措, 无法相信自己手里能有这么一笔巨款,更无法相信有人能这么相信她,眼泪夺眶而出。于是,她会努力工作来保证这种信任不会改变,她们尝到了被人尊重和信赖的滋味。这笔贷款的意义绝不止一笔钱,它能释放人的正能量,能释放她从未意识到的潜力,就像是一种自我实现。
5)大饥荒开始时,我的抱负非常实际,如果我能帮助一个人,我就是很幸运的,哪怕只有一天的时间,我一直努力去帮助我眼前的每一个人。我并没有打算去干一番大事业,虽然现在看来今天的目标非常大,但在当时,真的是非常小的事。
6)格莱珉银行(1977年创办至今)的《十六条村约》:直白、实际
7)社会型企业 V.S.慈善机构
8)2006年他来到中国,准备开展小额贷款的项目。他说:我从不觉得任何一个国家是陌生的。我觉得人都是一样的,当你去到农村,看见那些贫苦妇女,就她们的需求而言,我们是有共同语言的。她们的抱怨和我在其他地方听到的一样。
9)从乡村银行诞生之日,质疑之声就一直伴随左右。
希拉里:什么是最好的人生方向:要充分认识自己和相信自己,要亲听自己的心声,要做自己的事,做哪些充实他们的社会生活和职业生涯的事。也许从此会经历变化,人生道路会改变,但我觉得追求自己觉得重要的事业是最好的生活方式。
castle 第四集23集中女儿在准备毕业演讲时跟爸爸说:I am so scared. About what? Moving on. 是的,转变专业的scare,放弃未来的安稳及高收入,不是个容易的决定,但是我有想去做的事,listen to my inner voice,rather than other factors that might drive me away from my destination.
a universal truth: no matter we want or not, everything eventually ends.
As much as I've looked forward to this day, i've always disliked endings.The last of summer, the last chapter of a great book,parting away with closed friends. But endings are ineveitable. Leaves fall. You close the book. You say goodbye. Today is one of those for us. Today we say oodbye to everything we were familiar, everything that was comfortable.
We are moving on.
Both nationally and globally, infant mortality is a key measure of population health. The infant mortality rate, the rate at which babies less than one year of age die, has continued to steadily decline in the US over the past several decades; most recent national data from 2010 shows 6.15 deaths per 1,000 live births. Despite overall progress, racial disparities in infant mortality persist and preventable infant deaths continue to occur. Public health agencies including CDC/ATSDR, health care providers, and communities of all ethnic groups must partner to further reduce the infant mortality rate in the United States. This joint approach should address the social, behavioral, and health risk factors that affect birth outcomes.
Clearly, global health is a work in progress. While substantial headway has
been made against many of the most widespread and intractable health
problems — communicable and infectious diseases like plague and influenza,
substance abuse, environmental health, mental illness — they are still very
much part of the global landscape.
The good news is that organizations and individuals working across political
and geographic boundaries have scored some remarkable successes. For
example, immunization programs have reduced and in some cases eliminated
the presence of polio and other childhood diseases worldwide; by 1980, the
World Health Organization (WHO) had succeeded in eradicating smallpox.
But as old problems are solved, new ones emerge and spread across borders,
driven by behavioral or demographic changes, natural disasters, war and
bioterrorism. Smallpox and other ancient diseases may have been banished, but in their place comes a new wave of universal scourges — HIV/AIDS,
epidemic tuberculosis, food-borne diseases, and man-made environmental
horrors such as acid rain and global warming. They affect the world in
general, but reserve the bulk of their malevolence for developing nations.
For example, malaria is on the increase in tropical countries because even
one degree of global warming allows mosquitoes to breed in areas they
could never have previously inhabited.
During the past three decades, attention has focused on micronutritional issues — the roles of
vitamins and minerals and how they can be delivered to nutrition-poor
populations. Iodine deficiency in particular was a major cause of preventable
mental retardation in millions of children in developing nations. But teams
of scientists, health workers, policymakers and others working in close
collaboration devised effective ways to introduce iodine into children’s diets.
Admittedly, not all global health problems have responded so readily.
Many international agencies and organizations are working to improve
global health. Paramount among these is the World Health Organization,
created in 1948 for the purpose of guaranteeing “the attainment by all peo-
ple of the highest possible level of health.” WHO’s mission has translated
into direct interventions and assistance whenever and wherever they are
necessary, as evidenced most recently by its participation in fighting the
outbreak of Ebola virus in Gabon in 2001. The United Nations Children’s
Fund (UNICEF), meanwhile, has done an outstanding job of focusing on
the health problems of the world’s children. In the early 1980s, UNICEF
launched its “GOBI” initiative. “GOBI” stands for growth monitoring, oral
rehydration, breastfeeding and immunizations; the agency boldly asserted
that these four simple interventions could dramatically reduce the death toll
of children worldwide. And they have been proven correct, time and again.
In a real sense, the terms “public health” and “global health” have become
interchangeable. “In a world where nations and economies are increasingly
interdependent, ill health in any population affects all peoples, rich and
poor,” notes the Institute of Medicine.
As WHO director-general Dr. Gro
Harlem Brundtland elegantly reminds us, the rampant spread of infectious
diseases such as AIDS, malaria and the West Nile virus give evidence that
“in a globalized world, we all swim in a single microbial sea.”
The simple fact is that global action against health risks in one country can
help protect all people in all countries. That is the essence of global health
in the 21st century. In a world of easy travel and vanishing
trade restrictions, it is in the interests of developed countries to assist their
developing neighbors. It isn’t a simple matter of altruism or noblesse
oblige but, rather, an understanding that the problems of one community
threaten the whole world.
Six billion people share a small and increasingly fragile planet, confronted
by global health problems that may seem overwhelming. But they are all
solvable problems. Global health professionals will be an integral part of the
solution.
Health and Behavior
1.After years of seeing this model used
in a wealth of different settings and
programs, I soon realized it was
gaining momentum in public health
practice. Public health professionals
can modify our model and other
models of care in any way that works for them. After all, by effecting
change early in populations, it is possible to prevent poor health on a much
broader scale. For example, our model was used statewide in a California
public health campaign that targeted smokers in the pre-contemplation
stage. The results of the campaign were excellent, because the public health
professionals running the campaign had tailored it for their target popula-
tion. The plan implementers didn’t ask people in the pre-contemplation
stage to set a quitting date in the next month. Instead, messages helped
them appreciate the benefits of behavioral change, including the benefits to
loved ones of not having to breathe second-hand smoke.
2. 成就感Despite the sad circumstances that led to my entry into the field of psychology, my career has had a remarkably positive impact on my life. It has had a
positive impact on many of my patients, and through others who apply my
principles, it has led to a broadening of public health models.【 To know that
an idea you conceived and implemented has affected people’s behavior in a
way that helps them live healthier and perhaps longer lives is extremely
satisfying — and to see your life’s work implemented all over world, and
with such great success, is truly an honor.】
Director of the Cancer Prevention Research Center and Professor of Psychology at the University.He has served as a consultant to the American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, managed care organizations, the
National Health Service of Great Britain, major corporations and numerous
universities and research centers.
The current public health climate is exhilarating in part because its challenges
present so many fresh opportunities. Many of these challenges arose in the
immediate aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 2001. Since then, the public
has been troubled by the emergence of bioterrorist weapons, and public
health issues have been thrust into the limelight. When legislators used the
words “public health infrastructure” when they talked to the press about
the solutions to our nation’s lack of preparedness, many of this volume’s
contributors knew an important corner had been turned.
3. The workforce is an essential — perhaps the most essential — part of any
infrastructure dependent on people. When considering what it will take to
provide a workforce that delivers on the promises for the decade ahead,
several matters become clear. First, as the population ages, public health
services will expand and as they do, so will the number of jobs at all levels.
Competitive salaries will be needed to keep public health careers on a level
playing field with other occupations. Second, we need well-trained people
with strong skills to fill those positions as they develop. Health professionals,
including nurses, social workers, nutritionists, administrators, educators,
pharmacists and physicians, should exhibit competencies not always provided
by schools of public health. To this end, there is a movement afoot to consider developing separate
public health credentials, parallel to what we see in our educational system.
For example, someone wishing to teach biology can have a PhD in biology
but still not be allowed in the classroom without a teacher’s certificate. Thesame holds true in public health as well; an MD might not be well prepared
for the public health challenges ahead. As you have read in Dr. Gebbie’s
chapter, a separate credentialing mechanism is being considered, designed to
ensure that anyone who practices in public health demonstrates professional
competence not only in his or her specialty, but also in the core essentials of
public health.
A natural conceptual leap from credentialing for public health professionals
is accreditation of community health agencies. The “National Public Health
System Performance Standards,” which were designed to evaluate the way
communities deploy essential health services, have actually provided com-
munities with a great opportunity for self-assessment. Might a national
group such as the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Health Care
Organizations (JCAHO) tweak these same standards to accredit communities,
provided these communities demonstrate, through application of the public
health system standards, that they are adequately protecting the health of
the people?
Unacceptable disparities in health status among underserved subgroups of
our population persist. For the infrastructure to work at maximum effective-
ness to serve us all, and particularly to help us all address and overcome
disparities, we need to capitalize on the potential for diversity in this profes-
sion. The positive lessons learned in the divisive ‘60s and ‘70s are that the
workforce is stronger for its differences. Still, in this profession, many cultural
and ethnic groups are underrepresented. We must make a strong effort to
recruit a culturally balanced workforce to create an effective public health
system. This principle especially applies to leadership positions. Leadership in
the public health community must be developed from a large and culturally
mixed pool of potential supervisors and directors, and that means involving
and mentoring, in the integral workings of every facet of the profession, any
qualified and promising people who request such assistance.
Two initiatives should be mentioned that I believe give us a preview of
things to come in public health. The first, Public Health Grand Rounds, is a
demonstration project jointly sponsored by the CDC and the University of
North Carolina School of Public Health. In Public Health Grand Rounds,
the “patient” is the community and the “condition” is a public health issue
confronting the community, such as an epidemic, higher percentage of low-
birth weight newborns or prevalent drug abuse.
1
The Grand Rounds teamvisits communities where a public health situation has occurred, interviews
With a surveillance system properly tuned, a response system properly
prepared and a support system regularly refreshed, we can face these chal-
lenges. These and other tools to address these situations will be available to
you as never before. But in all our excitement about the future, let us not
forget the enormous progress of preventive medicine over the past 50 years,
which makes it possible for someone like myself — a guy in his 60s — to
anticipate another 20 years of productive public health work. This opportu-
nity for me and for a healthier America exists as a result of the insights, leadership and resources of my contemporaries. But it’s up to the next
generation, those of you who are currently working toward degrees, to now
step up to the helm. I’m personally looking forward to seeing you there.
Hugh Tilson, MD, DrPH is Clinical Professsor of Epidemiology and Health
Policy at the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina,
描述职业的用语Dr. Tilson(本段作者) is a practicing epidemiologist and outcomes researcher, with a
career
he served as
President of the National Association of County Health Officers. In June
1996, he joined the full-time faculty of the UNC School of Public Health.
Dr. Tilson currently serves on the Faculties of the North Carolina Schools
of Medicine, Pharmacy and Public Health, where he is both Clinical and
Adjunct Professor. He has served as chair of the Clinical Steering Committee
