所谓名词性从句，顾名思义，就是从句本身的属性相当于一个名词。它包含主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一、概述：见表1
| 种类 | 作用 | 常用关联词 | 例句 |
| 主语从句 | 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后 | that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever | Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. |
| 表语从句 | 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后 | It looks as if it is going to snow. | |
| 宾语从句 | 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词 | He asked me which team could win the game. | |
| 同位语从句 | 放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容 | You have no idea how worried we are. The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. |
1．主语从句 that（不能省略）， whether， who ，whom， whose， what， which，when， where，why， how ，whatever， whoever， whomever， whosever，whichever；
2．表语从句 that（不能省略）， whether，if ，as if， who ，whom， whose， what， which，when， where，why， how ，whatever， whoever， whomever， whosever，whichever，because， as though；
【注意】 that, why, because引导表语从句时的区别:
当主语是reason时,只能用that引导;
The reason why he came late is that his car broke down on the way.
当表语从句的内容为原因引起的结果时,只能同why引导;
His car broke down on the way. That’s why he came late for school.
当表语从句的内容为说明引起结果的原因时,用because引导;
He didn’t come to work those days. That’s because he was ill.
3．宾语从句 that（能省略，但如果是两个以上的从句时that不能省略）， whether，if ， who ，whom， whose， what， which，when， where，why， how ，whatever， whoever， whomever， whosever，whichever；
注意： 从句中有or not时用whether引导；
介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导；
如果宾语从句是否定时，只能用if引导；
在discuss等某些动词后常用whether引导；
doubt 后的宾语从句用if /whether引导;
don’t doubt 后的宾语从句用that引导;
“ be + adj” 后的宾语从句用if /whether引导;
4．同位语从句that（能省略）， whether， who ，whom， whose， what， which，when， where，why， how ，whatever， whoever， whomever， whosever，whichever；
【注意】由于同位语从句是对前面的名词作进一步说明，所以备考时应注意下列名词：
fact, news, idea, hope, belief, thought, doubt, truth, order, suggestion, problem, desire, possibility, answer, information, word等。
名词性从句的引导词叫连接代词或连接副词，引导词的具体用法见下表：
| 词形 | 词义 | 在从句中作的成分 | |
| 连词 | that | / | / |
| if/whether | 是否 | 、 | |
| 连接代词 | who(ever) | （无论）谁（主格） | 主语、表语 |
| whom(ever) | （无论）谁（宾格） | 宾语 | |
| whose(ver) | （无论）谁的（所有格） | 定语 | |
| what(ever) | （无论）什么 | 主语、宾语、表语 | |
| which(ever) | （无论）哪一个 | 主语、宾语、表语 | |
| 连接副词 | when | 什么时候 | 时状 |
| where | 在哪里 | 地状 | |
| how | 怎样， 怎么 | 方式状语 | |
| why | 为什么 | 原因状语 |
| 名称及内容 | 在句中的位置 | 能否省略 | 能否作句子成分 | 有无 意义 |
| 定语从句 | 名词或代词后 | 作宾语时可省略 | 主语或宾语 | 有 |
| 主语从句 | 谓语动词之前 | 一般不省略 | 不能 | 无 |
| 表语从句 | 系动词之后 | 不能省略 | 不能 | 无 |
| 宾语从句 | 行为动词(vt)后 | 可省略 | 不能 | 无 |
| 同位语从句 | 名词之后 | 一般不省略 | 不能 | 无 |
All that can be done has been done.（定语从句）
The news that you come from Yangling is true.(同位语从句)
The reason why you come to this school is that you want to study better. (表语从句)
That China has already set up Shenzhou VI spaceship makes all the Chinese very excited.(主语从句)
reason n 表示“原因，理由”，其后的从句有下列三种：
1.定语从句。这种从句由that或why引导，如果reason在从句中作宾语或主语，则由that引导；如果reason在从句中作状语，则由why引导。如：
The reason that she told me is very reasonable. 她告诉我的理由是非常合理的。
The reason why she was late for school is reasonable. 她为什么上学迟到的原因是充分的。
2.同位语从句。如：
The reason that he didn't pass the exam is carelessness. 他考试没有及格的原因是粗心。
The reason when we will set out is clear. 我们什么时候动身的理由是清楚的。
3.表语从句。如：
The reason is that we must set out at once. 理由是我们必须立即动身。
*reason后接从句的形式在高考单项选择题中一般是定语从句和表语从句一起被考查。如：
The reason _______ he is late is________ there was a breakdown on the railway.
A. why ; why B. because; that C. that; because D. why; that
做这类题目首先要分析第一个从句是否需要主语或宾语。如果需要的话，那就说明reason后接的是that或者which引导的定语从句；如果不需要的话，那就说明reason后接的是why引导的定语从句。再分析第二个从句，这是一个表语从句，运用同样的办法来判定从句的引导词。只有这样，才能尽快找到答案。上述的题目的正确答案是D。
四、高考链接 请看下列近年来各地高考题中名词性从句试题的分析：
2011年各地试题
1.（2011·天津卷）13. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases. A. what B. which C. that D. where
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前的名词判断本题考查同位语从句，故本题选C。
2.（2011·江西卷）26.The villagers have already known _____ we will do is to rebuild the bridge.
A.this B.that C.what D.which
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查宾语从句，且引导词作从句谓语动词的宾语。故选C。
3.（2011·四川卷）10.Our teachers always tell us to believes in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有介词判断本题考查宾语从句，且引导词作从句谓语动词的宾语。故选C。
4.（2011·北京卷）31. The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查宾语从句，且引导词作从句谓语动词的宾语。故选A 。
5.（2011·北京卷）22. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查主语从句，且引导词作从句谓语动词的宾语。故选B 。
6.（2011·陕西卷）15.I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money.
A.why B.when C.which D.what
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查表语从句，且引导词作从句谓语动词的宾语。故选D。
7.（2011·辽宁卷）32. When the news came the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army.
A. since B. which C. that D. because
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有名词news判断本题考查同位语从句，且引导词作从句谓语动词的宾语。故选C。
8.（2011·江苏卷）26．It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A．that B．how C．when D．why
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有It was never clear判断本题考查主语从句，且引导词作从句的原因状语。故选D。
9.（2011·湖南卷）31 Before the problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the promlen itself is.
A.what B. that C. which D.why
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有 it must be obvious判断本题考查主语从句，且引导词作从句的宾语。故选A。
10.(2011·安徽卷)33.His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what
【解析】本题较难分析。因为从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有介词out判断本题考查宾语从句，且引导词作从句的宾语。另外，空格后含有强调句型，且省略了该句型的引导词that,故选D 。
11.(2011·山东卷)26. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. why
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查表语从句，且引导词作从句的原因状语。故选D。
12.(2011·山东卷)33.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.
A. where B. what C. whether D. which
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查宾语从句，且引导词不作从句的成分。故选C。
13.（2011·重庆卷）34. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. that
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查宾语从句，且引导词不作从句的宾语。故选B。
14.（2011·重庆卷）22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. whenC. which D. where
【解析】从空格后从句的位置及其句子成分和空格前有动词判断本题考查主语从句，且引导词不作从句的宾语；另根据从句中有or not，故选A。
2010年各地试题
1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely. （10福建）A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【解析】本题考查宾语从句，空格在句中充当宾语。故选C。
2. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry. （10湖南）A. where B. whether C. that D. why
【解析】本题考查宾语从句，空格在句中充当原因。故选D。
3. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here. （10天津）
A. how B. what C. When D. which
【解析】本题考查宾语从句，空格在句中充当takes的宾语。故选B。
4. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.（10北京）
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
【解析】本题考查主语从句. 从句中缺宾语，只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。所以选B。
5．—How about camping this weekend, just for a change? （10浙江）
—OK, you want. A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whoever
【解析】本题考查主语从句。引导词作want的宾语，故选C。
6．It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A．that B．what C．how D．whether
【解析】本题考查主语从句的引导词。根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _____ side effect。故选择what，形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。所以选B。
7. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （10上海）A. that B. how C. what D. why
【解析】此处考查的是同位语从句。此处that不可以省略。故选A。
8. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. （10山东）
A. why B. what C. how D. which
【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。故选B。
9. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . （10上海）A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
【解析】本题考查宾语从句。which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。答案：B
10．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives．（10四川） A．what B．who C．how D．why
【解析】考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。
11. We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全国Ⅰ）
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【解析】根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。（10湖北）
12. I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.
A. who B. where C. what D. how
【解析】本题考查介词的宾语从句。句意是“我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。”也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。故选C。
13.—Have you finished the book? （10全国Ⅱ）
---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.
A.which B.what C.hat D.where
【解析】考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。所以选D。
14. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. （10江苏）
—That’s_______I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.
A.where B.how C.when D.what
【解析】本题考查表语从句。选A. 这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句。
15. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （10北京）
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
【解析】本题考查表语从句。选B 。因为从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
【解题指导】从上述题目的分析可知：做这类试题，首先要观察从句在题干中的位置判断从句的类型，然后要分析从句的句子成分，必要时要还原或省略部分内容，使从句的属性更加明显。这样才能很快确认正确答案。
【新手上路】请试做下列各题：
1.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make____it is.
A. what B. which C. how D. where
2. AfterYang LI wei succeeded in circling the earth, _____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
3. ----Don’t you think it necessary that he ____to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is ____he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
4.I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize____silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
5. The poor young man is ready to accept _____help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
6.It is none of your business____other people think about you . Believe yourself.
A. how B. what C. which D. when
7. ____is no possibility____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
8. ______that the two countries are going to have a talk .
A. It reports B. It is reported C. It is reporting D. What is reported
9. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _____and see him.
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
10.I want to know ____the thief was caught on the spot.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
11. ____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
12. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
13. _____sometimes keeps her awake at night ____John is getting more and more quiet at home.
A.That; what B. What; that C. It; that D. Whether; what
14._____a terrible storm would take place in Hainan.
A. Word came which B. Word came that C. Word that came D. Words came that
15. It’s no longer a question now ____man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
Keys: 1-5.A B B A C6-10.B A B AD 11-15. B B C B A
巩固练习
1.Because they usually receive the same score on examinations, there is often disagreement as to ____is the better student, Bob or Helen.A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
2. We agreed to accept ____they thought was the best tourists guide.
A. whatever B. whomever C. whichever D. whoever
3. As is known to all, _____Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng have become space heroes is ____we have expected. A. that; which B. what; that C. what; which D. that; what
4.Mr Smith left word with my assistant ____he had returned to his own country for winter holidays.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
5. ____people are distributed can also affect the education system.
A. Why B. How C. What D. When
6.Honesty is a kind of quality and that’s ____it takes to communicate with others successfully.
A. what B. why C. how D. which
7.Obviously, there was little probability ____they would succeed, but they didn’t mind.
A. which B. that C. what D. how
8. The difficulty we now meet with is _____we can persuade him into telling the truth.
A. whether B. that C. what D. why
9. The question has been raised at the meeting ____each member country should share the expenses of the committee.A. which B. if C. what D. whether
10. ____quite common for people to believe that more and more teenagers have become addicted to on-line games.A. As is B. That is C. It is D. What is
11.Native Americans from the southeastern part of ____is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three worlds.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
12. Living things are dying out quickly. First, we should ask ____destroying them in the past years.A. what part people have been playing B. what part have people played in
C. what part people have played in D. people have been played what part
13. I had no idea____she was absent yesterday. Later I was told___she had caught bad cold.
A. that; because B. how; that C. why; that D. why; because
14. An excellent idea____when I woke up in the morning.
A. occurred B. happened C. broke out D. took place
15. _____that I would travel to Europe.
A. It occurred me B. It struck to me C. That occurred to me D. It occurred to me
Keys: BDDBB ABADC DCCAD
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