
Abstract: as one of Ernest Hemingway famous work, A Clean, Well-Lighted place tells us a story about two waiters and a old man, and they are in the a clean, well-lighted place. Different people have their different thought. The young waiter complains about having to stick around the café waiting for the man to finish drinking. He claims that he has a wife to go home to and he would rather be in bed than in the café. The old waiter defends the drinking man because he can relate and even see himself in the man. He sympathizes knowing that he, too, prefers a clean well lighted place to drink and will later appreciate such a place in his old drinking age. The old man is in his final years of life and the old waiter recognizes that he soon will have the same fate as the old man. A progression of age is seen among the characters demonstrating the transition from being young and social to aging and feeling lonely. In A Clean Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway portrays a difference in age, experience, and opinion of drinking through the unique characters that could represent a progression of alcoholism. The characters of the Leading roles lead the development of the plot. The contradictions were mainly produced by the key characters.
Key words: the young waiter the old waiter the old man characteristics
Introduction
The characters make the plot more attractive, the dialogues between the characters has given us the picture of people’s the world of inner heart. The characteristic of the personal has contributes to the development of the plot. The entire unique characteristic makes this novel full-blooded.
The command of others on important of the describing the inner feeling of the characters:
“He [Hemingway] has reduced the veil between literature and life, which is what every writer strives to do. Have you read ‘A Clean Well-Lighted Place’? ... It is masterly. Indeed, it is one of the best short stories ever written...” James Joyce once remarked, so we can discover the view from the characters that Hemingway created.
Chapter One The Analysis the Characteristics of the Young Waiter
1.1. The ignorance of the young waiter
The Brash and insensitive, the younger waiter can’t see beyond himself. He readily admits that he isn’t lonely and is eager to return home where his wife is waiting for him. He doesn’t seem to care that others can’t say the same and doesn’t recognize that the café is a refuge for those who are lonely. The younger waiter is immature and says rude things to the old man because he wants to close the café early. He seems unaware that he won’t be young forever or that he may need a place to find solace later in life too. Unlike the older waiter, who thinks deeply—perhaps too deeply—about life and those who struggle to face it, the younger waiter demonstrates a dismissive attitude toward human life in general. For example, he says the old man should have just gone ahead and killed himself and says that he “wouldn’t want to be that old”. He himself has reason to live, and his whole life is ahead of him. “You have everything,” the older waiter tells him. The younger waiter, immersed in happiness, doesn’t really understand that he is lucky, and he therefore has little compassion or understanding for those who are lonely and still searching for meaning in their lives.
1.2. The lack of sympathy of the young waiter
The younger waiter can’t understand the old man. He disguised him, treated the old man badly and even thinks he should have already died. Loneliness pervades A Clean, Well-Lighted Place and suggests that even though there are many people struggling with despair, everyone must struggle alone. The deaf old man, with no wife and only a niece to care for him, is visibly lonely. The younger waiter, frustrated that the old man won’t go home, defines himself and the old man in opposites: “He’s lonely. I’m not lonely.” Loneliness, for the younger waiter, is a key difference between them, but he gives no thought to why the old man might be lonely and doesn’t consider the possibility that he may one day be lonely too.
Chapter Two The Analysis the Characteristics of the Old Waiter
Like the old man, the older waiter likes to stay late at cafés, and he understands on a deep level why they are both reluctant to go home at night. He tries to explain it to the younger waiter by saying, “He stays up because he likes it”, but the younger waiter dismisses this and says that the old man is lonely. Indeed, both the old man and the older waiter are lonely. The old man lives alone with only a niece to look after him, and we never learn what happened to his wife. He drinks alone late into the night, getting drunk in cafés. The older waiter, too, is lonely. He lives alone and makes a habit of staying out late rather than going home to bed. But there is more to the older waiter’s “insomnia”, as he calls it, than just loneliness. An unnamed, unspecified malaise seems to grip him. This malaise is not “a fear or dread,” as the older waiter clarifies to himself, but an overwhelming feeling of nothingness—an existential angst about his place in the universe and an uncertainty about the meaning of life. Whereas other people find meaning and comfort in religion, the older waiter dismisses religion as “nada”—nothing. The older waiter finds solace only in clean, well-lit cafés. There, life seems to make sense.
The older waiter recognizes himself in the old man and sees his own future. He stands up for the old man against the younger waiter’s criticisms, pointing out that the old man might benefit from a wife and is clean and neat when he drinks. The older waiter has no real reason to take the old man’s side. In fact, the old man sometimes leaves the café without paying. But the possible reason for his support becomes clear when the younger waiter tells the older waiter that he talks like an old man too. The older waiter is aware that he is not young or confident, and he knows that he may one day be just like the old man—unwanted, alone, and in despair. Ultimately, the older waiter is reluctant to close the café as much for the old man’s sake as for his own because someday he’ll need someone to keep a café open late for him.
The older waiter, in his mocking prayers filled with the word nada, shows that religion is not a viable method of dealing with despair, and his solution is the same as the old man’s: he waits out the nighttime in cafés. He is particular about the type of café he likes: the café must be well lit and clean. Bars and bodegas, although many are open all night, do not lessen despair because they are not clean, and patrons often must stand at the bar rather than sit at a table. The old man and the older waiter also glean solace from routine. The ritualistic café-sitting and drinking help them deal with despair because it makes life predictable. Routine is something they can control and manage, unlike the vast nothingness that surrounds them.
The older waiter makes this idea as clear as he can when he says, “It was all a nothing and man was a nothing too.” When he substitutes the Spanish word nada (nothing) into the prayers he recites, he indicates that religion, to which many people turn to find meaning and purpose, is also just nothingness. Rather than pray with the actual words, “Our Father who art in heaven,” the older waiter says, “Our nada who art in nada”—effectively wiping out both God and the idea of heaven in one breath. Not everyone is aware of the nothingness, however. For example, the younger waiter hurtles through his life hastily and happily, unaware of any reason why he should lament. For the old man, the older waiter, and the other people who need late-night cafés, however, the idea of nothingness is overwhelming and leads to despair.
Chapter Three The Analysis the Characteristics of the Old Man
3.1. The despair of the old man
The old man in “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” struggle to find a way to deal with their despair, but even their best method simply subdues the despair rather than cures it. The old man has tried to stave off despair in several unsuccessful ways. The story tells that he has money, but money has not helped. The reader can found that he was once married, but he no longer has a wife. The reader also learns that he has unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide in a desperate attempt to quell the despair for good. The only way the old man can deal with his despair now is to sit for hours in a clean, well-lit café. Deaf, he can feel the quietness of the nighttime and the café, and although he is essentially in his own private world, sitting by himself in the café is not the same as being alone.
3.2. The suffering of the old man
The old man is a poor deaf man who suffers loneliness darkness from the rest of the world, he is unwilling to sleep may be he is afraid of something so he choose to use whiskey to keep alive. I think he is afraid of death so he committed suicide to end the dread of death. However, he failed. He can’t choose anything even his death. He can’t do anything but wait. He uses his deafness as an image if his separation from the rest of the world.
Conclusion
In conclusion, through the analysis of main character in A clean well-lighted place, readers can found the great contrast between different generations who have different world outlook. The characteristics of the character may play a role in exploring the main idea. By creating such kind of characters, we can find the loneliness, isolation, and the futility of modern society.
Bibliography
洪洁. 虚空的环境自尊的生存— 赏析《一个干净明亮的地方》[J]. 时代文学, 2010, (7).
莫燕凤, 一位另类的硬汉—析《一个干净明亮的地方》的年长侍者的形像 [J]. 电影文学, 2007, (17).
沈兆莉 评海明威短篇小说《一个干净明亮的地方》[J]. 湖州师范学院学报, 2001, (1).
尹雅莉,李福莉 《一个干净明亮的地方》的艺术魅力 [J]. 重庆科技学院学报: 社会科学版, 2010, (17).
