
题型有:1.
Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the intervals between a sound and its reflection (the echo), you can estimate the distance to an obstruction. During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain. Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words) , the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.
1. Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the______.
A.height of the hill
B.speed of sound
C.distance to the hill
D.intensity of sound
正确答案:C
解析:文章第一段最后一句说通过对声音和回音之间的间隔进行计时,可以算出与障碍物之间的距离,故选C。 知识模块:阅读理解
2. The estimate is based on the______.
A.direction of the hill
B.accepted speed of sound
C.interval between sound and echo
D.both B and C
正确答案:C
解析:根据第一段最后一句话Thus,by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection(the echo),you can estimate the distance to an obstruction,可知C正确。 知识模块:阅读理解
3. Practical application of this principle resulted in______.
A.new electronic instruments for planes
B.a radio directing and ranging device
C.new radio sets for RAF bombers
D.an electronic detecting device
正确答案:B
解析:根据文章最后一句话the device was called radio directing and ranging,and from the initials the word radar was coined,可知B正确。 知识模块:阅读理解
4. Radar enabled the English to______.
A.detect German planes on their way to London
B.direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectively
C.confuse German bomber pilots
D.both A and B
正确答案:D
解析:文章第二段提到在第二次世界大战中,英国人利用无线电波可以侦查出德国飞机的位置,而且那些数量占多数的皇家空军常常会对德军造成一定的困惑,第三段提到那些皇家空军是由那些无线电波指控的。故A项和B项都正确,所以选D。 知识模块:阅读理解
5. The British used radio waves because they______.
A.were more exact than sound waves
B.could not be detected
C.could penetrate fog and clouds
D.were easier to use than sound waves
正确答案:C
解析:根据第二段中They used radio waves instead of sound waves,since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds,故选C。 知识模块:阅读理解
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地)spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities , and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
6. The major problems with America’ s railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in______.
A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems
B.lack of financial support for development
C.limited railroad lines
D.lack of a transcontinental railroad
正确答案:A
解析:文章第一段提到早期的火车很不实用,而且铁路公司面临着棘手的技术问题,最严重的是修建能够承担一定重量的铁路轨道和开发安全有效的停靠系统。A项与文意所述相近,故选A。 知识模块:阅读理解
7. The building of the first transcontinental system ______.
A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
B.attracted many visitors to the construction sites
C.attracted laborers from Europe
D.encouraged people to travel all over the country
正确答案:A
解析:根据文章最后一段The railroad was veryimportant in encouraging westward movement.Italso helped build up industry and farming by movingraw materials and by distributing products rapidly todistant markets,可知A为正确选项。 知识模块:阅读理解
8. The best title for this passage would be ______.
A.Settlements Spread Westward
B.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad; A Vital Link
C.American Railroad History
D.The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy
正确答案:B
解析:文章第一段第一句虽然提到“settlementspread ever farther westward.”但这不是本文论述的中心,故A错;选D也不合适,因为作者在第三段第二句里谈的足在美国起重要作用的transcontinental railway,而不是泛指美国的铁路,虽然本文从一个侧面反映了美国铁路的历史,但C项范围太大,故C也错;第三段点明了文章的主旨,说明了这条横贯美国的铁路在开发西部、发展工农业生产和统一美国等方面起到了a vital link的作用,故选B。 知识模块:阅读理解
9. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took ______.
A.9 years
B.7 years
C.4 years
D.3 years
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章第二段叙述可知,1862年国会授权铁路公司修建铁路,但实际上4年之后即1866年才开始这项工程。1869年完成,故共用了三年时间。 知识模块:阅读理解
10. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?
A.The possibility of government support for such a task.
B.The need to explore Utah.
C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.
D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章最后一段The railroad was veryimportant in encouraging westward movement.Italso helped build up industry and farming by movingraw materials and by distributing products rapidly todistant markets,可知D为正确答案。 知识模块:阅读理解
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.
11. People who are to be unhappy________.
A.always consider things differently from others
B.are usually influenced by the results of certain things
C.can discover the unpleasant part of certain things
D.usually have a fault-finding habit
正确答案:D
解析:由题干关键词unhappy定位到第二段第三句Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things.可知,不快乐的人的表现是,他们总是看到或关注事物的负面,爱挑毛病。因此选项D与文意相符。 知识模块:阅读理解
12. When those unhappy people meet others, they will________.
A.have a good taste of the pleasures of society
B.feel depressed about the pleasures of society
C.be happy with the pleasures of society
D.enjoy the pleasures of society
正确答案:B
解析:由题干关键词unhappy,定位到文章第二段第三句。通过本段接下来对不快乐的人的描述可知,他们会使原本愉快的社交活动变得不愉快。因此,选项B符合文意。 知识模块:阅读理解
13. According to the passage, it can be safely said that________.
A.if they realize the harmfulness of their habits the unhappy people may get rid of it
B.if people are in misery, they will be critical about everything
C.we should not pity these unhappy people for their self-criticism
D.these unhappy people are not content with anything they have
正确答案:A
解析:根据文章第三段第三句The habit may be strong,but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes.可知,当有这种习惯的人认识到这种态度给他们带来的不良影响时,他们也许会改掉这种毛病。 知识模块:阅读理解
14. “And scarcely that” in the last paragraph means________.
A.just like that
B.almost not like that
C.more than that
D.not at all like that
正确答案:B
解析:scarcely表示“几乎不是,几乎没有”或是“几乎还没”的意思,只有否定意义。因此,选项中只有B符合文意。 知识模块:阅读理解
15. If such unhappy persons don’t change their bad behavior, the authors suggests that people________.
A.avoid contacting with them
B.criticize their misconduct
C.help them recognize its bad effects
D.show no respect and politeness to them
正确答案:A
解析:由题干关键词change和bad behavior定位到全文最后两句These people should change this bad habit.If they do not,it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.可知,作者建议人们对这样的人最好采取回避的态度。题干中的bad behavior是文中bad habit 的转述。 知识模块:阅读理解
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
16. The major problems with America’s railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in ______
A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems
B.lack of financial support for development
C.limited railroad lines
D.lack of a transcontinental railroad
正确答案:A
解析:文章第一段提到早期的火车很不实用,而且铁路公司面临着棘手的技术问题,最严重的是修建能够承担一定重量的铁路轨道和开发安全有效的停靠系统。A项与文意所述相近,故选A。 知识模块:阅读理解
17. The building of the first transcontinental system______.
A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
B.attracted many visitors to the construction sites
C.attracted laborers from Europe
D.encouraged people to travel all over the country
正确答案:A
解析:根据文章最后一段The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement.It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets,可知A为正确选项。 知识模块:阅读理解
18. The best title for this passage would be______.
A.Settlements Spread Westward
B.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad; A Vital Link
C.American Railroad History
D.The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy
正确答案:B
解析:文章第—段第一句虽然提到“settlement spread ever farther westward.”但这不是本文论述的中心,故A错;选D也不合适,因为作者在第三段第二句里谈的是在美国起重要作用的transcontinental railway,而不是泛指美国的铁路,虽然本文从一个侧面反映了美国铁路的历史,但C项范围太大,故C也错;第三段点明了文章的主旨,说明了这条横贯美国的铁路在开发西部、发展工农业生产和统一美国等方面起到了a vital link的作用,故选B。 知识模块:阅读理解
19. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took______.
A.9 years
B.7 years
C.4 years
D.3 years
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章第二段叙述可知,1862年国会授权铁路公司修建铁路,但实际上4年之后即1866年才开始这项工程。1869年完成,故共用了三年时间。 知识模块:阅读理解
20. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?
A.The possibility of government support for such a task.
B.The need to explore Utah.
C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.
D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章最后一段The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement.It also helped build up industry and farming by moving law materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets,可知D为正确答案。 知识模块:阅读理解
I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating , and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude . We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad than when we stay in our chambers , for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The farmer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is actually at work in his field and chopping his wood as the farmer was in his. Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live thick and are in each other’ s way, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. We have had to agree on a certain set of roles, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications between men. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him.
21. A man can be lonely in a crowd because______.
A.loneliness doesn’t mean being alone
B.man always wants to work
C.solitude involves space that intervene between a man and his fellows
D.loneliness comes from lack of hearty communication
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章第二段中…for solitude is notmeasured by the miles of space that intervenebetween a man and his fellows,可知孤独不是由空间距离造成的,隐含的意思是孤独来自于缺少心灵的沟通,故D为正确答案。 知识模块:阅读理解
22. The author uses the example of the farmer and the student to show that______.
A.men need recreation after their work
B.men are not lonely when they are working
C.solitude is necessary, for a student
D.people have different conceptions of solitude
正确答案:B
解析:文章第三段指出农民可以一整天地工作而不会感到孤单,但他却很奇怪为什么一个学生能够在晚上一个人独自静坐,因为他没有意识到学生其实和他一样,也是在工作,所以他也不会感到孤单。 知识模块:阅读理解
23. When the author says: “Society is commonly too cheap” , he means that______.
A.we meet not frequently enough
B.we eat cheap food and live a simple life
C.our lives are so regular
D.people do not have enough hearty communication to realize the value in other people
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章第四段中Society is commonlytoo cheap:We meet at very short intervals,nothaving had time to acquire any new value for eachother,故选D。 知识模块:阅读理解
24. The author’ s opinion on the value of a man is that______.
A.it is underestimated by the rules of etiquette and politeness
B.it can be discovered through frequent physical contacts
C.it can be found in a man’ s appearance
D.it doesn’ t lie in physical contact
正确答案:D
解析:根据文章最后一句话for as the value ofa man is not in his skin,we need not touch him,可知D为正确答案。 知识模块:阅读理解
25. Which of the following is not the author’ s idea?
A.The idea of solitude is embodied differently in a student and a farmer.
B.The routine life underlies man’ s loneliness.
C.Etiquette and politeness are rules that make frequent meetings tolerable.
D.Less frequent meetings can make us more aware of the value of men.
正确答案:B
解析:从文章中可知,孤独是由于人与人之间很少的交流,但不是日常事务造成的。因此选B。 知识模块:阅读理解
