高考命题趋势
复合句包括名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句这三大类。高考对名词性从句的考查主要集中在以下几点：从属连词that和what的区别；whether和if的区别；名词性从句和定语从句的区别以及各种名词性从句的引导词之间的异同。
语法脉络
主语从句（That he is lying makes us sad）
表语从句(The truth is that he had died)
宾语从句(She told me that she was not excited)
同位语从句(The fact that he is poor is obvious)
考点清单 名词性从句
一． 主语从句（作句子主语的从句叫主语从句）
| 用法 | 例句 | 特别提示 |
| 由从属连词that，whether引导，从属连词只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。that没有具体意义，whether意为：是否 | That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。 Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系 | 1．有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do” 2. that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。 |
| 由连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等引导，连接代词既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中可充当成分 | What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 | |
| 连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导 | It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 |
1. ______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (2011北京)
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
析：B。what引导主语从句并且在从句中作offer的宾语。which引导主语从句表示在一定的明确范围内加以选择，意为“哪个，哪些”。that引导主语从句在从句中不作成分。因为表语是honesty and happiness, 所以offer的宾语不能是whom。
2. The villagers have already known ______ we will do is to rebuild the bridge. (2011江西)
A. this B. that C. what D. which
主语从句口诀
整个句子作主语，后面紧跟单谓语；
陈述句莫忘加that，语序均同陈述句
析：C。句意：村民们已经知道，我们将要做的事是重建这座桥。 know后面接宾语从句(省略了连词that)，而what引导的主语从句在宾语从句中作主语。what在主语从句中作do的宾语。
练一练：
1. ____ ____that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. __ ___ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot __ ___ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
二． 宾语从句（名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句）
| 用法 | 例句 | 特别提示 |
| 由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略 | James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯说他感到好些了 | 1. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 2. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。 3. whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首；b. 引导表语从句；c. 从句后有“or not”时；d. 后接动词不定式时。 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应. 5. 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形” |
| 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 | I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 | |
| 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。 | Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 |
1. We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it. (2011山东)
A. where B. what C. whether D. which
析：C。句意：我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。连词whether引导宾语从句。
2. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
析：B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示“无论什么”。
宾语从句时态歌诀
“宾从”时态咋办？据“主”时态判断：
主句若是过去时，主从时态须一致。
主从动作同发生，过去进行从句中。
宾从动作先发生，过去完成时态用。
宾从动作后发生，过去将来时态用。
主从表达是真理，一般现在来代替。
以上规则牢牢记，下面咱们看例句
练一练：
1. I’ll help ____ is in need of help most.
A. who B. no matter who C. whoever D. whomever
2. Could you show me _____________?
A. where is the Bird’s Nest B. where the Bird’s Nest is
C. where was the Bird’s Nest D. where is the Bird’s Nest was
3. Having checked the windows were closed, and _____all the
light were turned off, the boy left the classroom.
A. why B. that C. when D. where
4. He believed ________ he was right and _______ his brother was wrong.
A. / ; that B. that; / C. what; that D. that; what
5. I insisted that he _________ a doctor at once.
A. should see B. sees C. saw D. could see
三． 表语从句（在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句）
基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句
| 用法 | 例句 | 特别提示 |
| 由从属连词that, whether, because, as if/though 连接，从属连词只起连接作用，在从句中不做成分，that 也没有具体意义，引导表语从句时常省略。 | The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 | 1. 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。 2. whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 可接表语从句的系动词有：be, look, seem, sound, appear, remain等。 4. 若主句的主语是idea注意，想法；advice 建议；suggestion 意见，建议； order 命令； request 要求； requirement 需求等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should +) 动词原形”的形式。 |
| 由连接代词which, what, whose, who, whom连接 | That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 The problem is who is to pay and when we can start.问题是谁来付帐、我们又何时开始 | |
| 由连接副词where, when, why, how连接 | This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 |
1. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. (2010江苏)
—That’s ______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D. what
析：A。 空白处所在的句子补全后意为：这正是我不同意的地方。agree 是不及物动词，从句缺少状语所以用where来引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
2. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money. (2011陕西) A. why B. when C. which D. what
析：D。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作do的宾语。
3. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. (2011山东) A. that B. when C. where D. why
析：D。why引导表语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示原因。
练一练：
1. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
2. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
3. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That; what
4. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
5. My suggestion is _______ you should take more exercise and develop a healthy eating habit.
A. that B. what C. / D. whether
四． 同位语从句（同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容）
| 用法 | 例句 | 特别提示 |
| 由从属连词that, whether引导，that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中做成分。that无具体词义，whether 表示“是否”。 | 1. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 2.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了 | 1. If 不引导同位语从句 2. 引导同位语从句的连接词一般不省略。 3. 可用于同位语从句的名词有doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、opinion、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word、warning、truth等 4. 先行词是advice, idea, order, suggestion等表示心理活动的词时，从句谓语动词常用“（should +)动词原形” |
| 由连接代词who, what, which引导， 连接代词可在从句中作主语，宾语或定语。 | The question who should come with me has not been settled. 谁将和我一起去这个问题还没有解决。 | |
| 由连接副词how, when, where, why引导，连接副词可在从句中作方式、时间、地点、原因状语 | I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 |
同位语从句似“定从”，两种句型有异同；从句跟在名词后，that 不省要记心中。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
That 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，
充当句子成分在从句中作宾语时可以省略；
That 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，
不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
链接高考：
1. (2011辽宁) When the news came ______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because
析：C。that在句中引导同位语从句，说明news的内容。since或because不能引导同位语从句。which引导同位语从句意为“哪个，哪些”，并且在从句中充当一定的成分，而此句空格后面不缺成分，据此也排除定语从句的可能。
2. (2011天津)Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
析：C。that引导同位语从句，解释evidence的内容。
练一练：
1. ＿＿＿ is no possibility ＿＿＿ Bob can win the first prize in the match
A． There; that B． It; that C． There; whether D． It; whether
2. They have no idea at all ＿＿＿＿．
A． where he has gone B． where did he go
C． which place he has gone D． where has he gone
3. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as
名词性从句综合练习
第一部分：基础篇
1. _______ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
2. —It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. What
4. —Could you do me a favor?
—It depends on _______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _______.
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
6. Doris' success lies in the fact _______ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
7. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
8. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
9. —Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else _______, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
11. Danny left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
12. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got
13. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
第二部分：强化篇
1. We haven’t settled the question of _______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
3. There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
4. Please remind me _______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
7. _______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
8. I just wonder that makes him so excited.
A. why it does . what he does C. how it is D. what it is
9. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which
12. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _______ it had been in the morning.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
13. I’d like to work with _______ is honest and easy to get on with.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who
14. When you are reading, make a note of _______ you think is of great importance.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
15. —Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on _______ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
答案解析
基础题
1. A 此题考察what引导名词性从句的用法。在此题中what引导主语从句，同时在从句中充当主语。
2. B 通过对句子的分析可知，believe it or not是插入语，在此句中that引导的是the story的同位语从句。
3. D 通过对句子的分析可知，此题需要选一词来引导表语从句，而从句中的明显缺少宾语，故只能what用来充当。
4. C 介词on后面宾语从句不完整，同时从句缺少主语，故只能由what来充当。
5. C wonder后面的从句是疑问句应用陈述语序。即：特殊疑问词+主语+谓语动词。
6. B 此句主句完整，从句也完整，故用that引导构成与the fact的同位语从句。
7. A why在它引导的从句中充当原因状语，从句在主句里充当介词on的宾语。
8. B what在它引导的从句中充当主语，同时整个从句可看成是idea的同位语从句，来说明idea的具体内容。
9. B 本题考查定语从句以及固定短语turn to 的用法，关系代词因为在后面定语从句中做宾语因此省略掉，turn to sb 求助于某人。
10. B 本题根据意思以及后面与or 的搭配关系可判断该处是“是否”，whether 引导宾语从句。
11. B 本题考查名词性从句中的同位语从句，根据下文可知Danny留下的口信的内容，that 引导名词性从句。
12. C 本题考查双重疑问句，疑问词＋do you think/believe/expect＋句子的其他成分（句子用称述句语序）。
13. C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from后是宾语从句，但从句中be used to 后面少宾语，且根据上文是我们过去习惯的方法，这用what 符合语意。
14. A 本题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句，后面表语从句不完整，it was 后面还缺少表语，根据意思是“20年前的 样子”，后面一个句子是对20年前的补充说明，是一个非性定语从句，20年前学校设备条件不好，when 在定语从句中作时间状语。
15. B 本题考查名词性从句的同位语，doubt 后的同位语根据意思没有怀疑故选择that 引导，that在从句中不充当成分。
强化题
1. C whether引导的从句构成与名词the question的同位语。
2. C 主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句构成与a warm thought的同位语。
3. A that引导同位语从句，具体说明chance（可能性）的内容。
4. B 句意：请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。
5. B 因先行词是natives，故淘汰A和D。又因give sth. to sb.固定短语，所以选B。介词to可放在关系代词whom的前面。
6. B pleased后面缺少宾语从句，he was a man of action句意完整，故用that引导。
7. D No matter what/which只能引导让步状语从句，排除A和B。C和D的区别在于一个无范围，一个有范围。
8. D wonder后面的宾语从句本是what makes him so excited：。但what需要被强调，故用强调句型。
9. D 本题考查it 作形式主语, 后面的that 引导真正的主句从句.
10. B 本题考查同位语从句, reason 后面有for 引导的短语, 接着后面是that 引导的句子来说明理由的内容.
11. C 本题考查名词性从句的宾语从句,介词for 后接宾语从句但宾语从句中缺少主语, he thought 是插入语. what 引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,which 的意思不符合.
12. C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from后是宾语从句，但从句中it had been 后面少表语，所以what 符合语意。
13. B 本题考查名词性从句中的介词宾语从句, 根据下文意思以及在宾语从句中作主语, D 不能引导名词性从句, who 表达的意思不对.
14. C 本题考查名词性从句介词宾语, 宾语从句中you think 是插入语, 故句中缺少主语,which 意思不对,故选 what
15. C 本题考查介词宾语从句, 根据上下文意思 该处应该是”我们是否能得到Green先生的.
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