
一、观察与归纳
1. The amber that / which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.(性定语从句)
2. The gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.(非性定语从句)
【归纳一】
| 区别点 | 性定语从句 | 非性定语从句 |
| 与先行词的关系 | 关系密切,删去后影响整个句子意义的表达 | 关系不密切,只是补充说明,删去后不影响句子意义 |
| 逗号的使用 | 不用逗号分开 | 用逗号分开 |
| that的使用 | 可用关系代词that引导 | 不可用关系代词that引导 |
4. Lao Wang’s brother, who is twenty years old, is a PLA man.老王的弟弟今年20岁,他是一位战士。(只有一个弟弟)
【归纳二】
| 区别点 | 性定语从句 | 非性定语从句 |
| 翻译时的特点 | 常译为“……的”,放在先行词之前 | 常译为并列句或状语从句,放在先行词之后 |
6. He is an excellent teacher, whom we talked with just now.
7. The film that / which / 省略 I saw last night is very interesting.
8. The film, which I saw last night, is very interesting.
9. He is an honest boy, which / as anybody can see.
【归纳三】
| 区别点 | 性定语从句 | 非性定语从句 |
| whom在从句中作宾语时,是否可用who替代 | 可以替代 | 不可以替代 |
| whom / which在从句中作宾语时可否省略 | 可以省略 | 不可以省略 |
| 先行词 | 只能是名词或代词 | 可以是名词或代词,也可以是句子 |
【归纳四】
as和which都可用来引导非性定语从句,来指代整个主句的内容。非性定语从句位于主句后,可以用as或which(如句9);非性定语从句位于主句前,只能用as(如句10)。
注意:as引导的定语从句多位于句首,as很多时候译为“正如……”,从句的谓语动词多是know,see,expect,say,mention,report,announce等,如:as we all know / as is known to all;另外还有一些常见的表达:as is often the case情况常是这样;as often happens这情况常发生。
11. Last Sunday, they reached Shanghai, where a meeting was to be held.
12. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
13. I have told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
【归纳五】
在非性定语从句中,不能使用关系副词why,应该用for which;关系副词where和when既可以用于性定语从句中,也可以用于非性定语从句中。
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子。
1. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
2. The first English song that I have learnt was Yesterday Once More.
3. This is the hotel where we stayed last summer.
4. This is the hotel that / which we built last summer.
5. China is not the country that it was.
6. He always likes the same things as his brother does.
7. The leader of the team is a 44-year-old Frenchman, whose wife is also a team member.
8. I’m to fly to Kunming, where it is warm in this season.
9. He said that he had been to Hong Kong more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
10. Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
三、根据汉语,完成英语句子。
1. 屋子里都是孩子,其中十个是那个老人自己的孙子。
The house was full of children, ten of whom were that old man’s own grandsons.
2. 我们学校有许多实验室,其中最大的是去年建造的。
Our school has many laboratories, the largest of which was built last year.
3. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
4. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
5. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的境况中。
The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
四、根据短文意思,填入适当的关系代词或关系副词。
That was an unusually dark winter night (1)when I was on my way home from the bar (2)where I played with my friends. I drove my bicycle alone. Suddenly, I noticed a man (3)whose hair was very long riding behind me secretly, (4)which made me feel scared. There was nobody (5)that I could turn to for help in such a night. Hoping to ride faster, I quickened my leg pushing the pedals(踏板), both of (6)which were broken. The man (7)who stopped whenever I turned around kept following me through the dark. At last, I got home and tried to call one of my brother with (8)whom his friends were still talking in our yard. The man reached out of breath, and told me the reason (9)why he followed me. (10)As everybody knew, I forgot to take my bag with me again.
Homework: 课本P4 Ex3。
