
一、重要词汇
1.along with == together with 连同、、、、、、一起, 随同、、、、、、一起
He came along with some friends .
I sent the books along with the other things .
The young people are dancing happily along with the music .
主语为单数,后接along with时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The apple, along with some grapes , has gone bad .
2. dance to 和着、、、、、、的节拍跳舞; to “按照,随着 ”
I like music that I can dance to .
The students are doing eye exercises to music .
dance with sb. 和某人跳舞
Would you like to dance with me ?
3. kind of === a little 稍微, 有点, 有几分 I’m kind of tired .
a kind of 一种 This is a kind of new washing machine .
all kinds of 各种各样的 There are all kinds of animals in the zoo .
different \\ many kinds of 不同 \\ 许多种类的
There are different \\ many kinds of flowers in the garden .
what kind of 哪种类型 what kind of book do you like ?
of that kind 那种类型的,放在名词后修饰名词
I like the color TV set of that kind .
be kind to sb 对某人很友好
Miss Zhang is very kind to us .
4. what’s the name of … ? 、、、、、、的名字是什么?
What’s the name of the movie ?
What’s the name of your baby ?
with the name == named== called 名叫、、、、、、; 叫做、、、、、、
He has a dog with the name “Tom” .
in the name of 以、、、、、、的名义
He attended the party in the name of his father .
5. remind 动词, “提醒,使想起”
(1) remind sb. 提醒某人
I can’t think of his name , can you remind me ?
(2) remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
Remind Jenny to bring her laptop(手提电脑) when she comes .
What you said remind me to buy some fruit .
(2) remind sb. of \\ about sth 提醒某人某事, 使某人想起某事
Can you remind us of your plans for the holiday ?
The song reminds me of my childhood in the country .
(3) remind sb. + that 从句 提醒某人、、、、、、
She reminded me that we had met before .
Please remind tom that he should get up early .
6. think of (1) 想起, 记得
I can’t think of his name at the moment (现在) .
I thought of my hometown when I saw the beautiful scenery .
(2 ) 认为 think of …… ?
…… ? 你认为…… 怎么样?
(3) 考虑, 关心 He always thinks of others .
think about 考虑
think over 仔细考虑
7. stand (1) “ 忍受, 忍耐 ” ; 常与can 或can’t连用
stand sth \\ sb 忍受某物 \忍受某人 I can’t stand the hot weather here .
Most of us couldn’t stand the loud music .
stand doing sth 忍受做某 They can’t stand working all day and all night .
stand sb . doing sth .忍受某人做某事
I can’t stand people dropping litter (垃圾) .
(2 ) 站, 立 He was too tired to stand .
(3) 座落于…… , 位于……The small village stands at the foot of the mountain .
8. do, does, did 放在动词前,起强调作用,意为“ 的确,真的是”
I do like this blue hat .
They did come yesterday .
Do please turn off the light when you leave the house .
9.be known\\ famous to sb. 为、、、、、、所熟知
Yao Ming is known to all the Chinese people .
be known as 以、、、、、、身份或职业而出名
He is known as a writer .
be known for 以、、、、、、物而出名
The place is known for its green tea .
10.on display = on show 介词短语,“展览,陈列”
His pictures are on display in London this month .
The things on show were discovered hundreds of years ago .
11. little , a little , few , a few
little表示 “ 少, 少得几乎没有 ” , 修饰不可数名词.
few也表示 “ 少, 少得几乎没有 ” , 修饰可数名词的复数.
a little 表示 “ 有一点点, 但数量不多 ” , 修饰不可数名词.
a few也表示 “ 有一点点, 但数量不多 ” , 修饰可数名词的复数.
He often feels lonely , because he has few friends here .
There is little milk in the fridge (冰箱 ). We have to buy some .
---How soon will he be back ? --- In a few days .
There is a little water in the bottle , you can drink it .
12. whatever=== no matter what 无论什么,无论怎样
Whoever == no matter who 无论是谁,无论什么人
Whenever == no matter when 无论什么时候,无论何时
Wherever == no matter where 无论哪里
However === no matter how 无论怎样
Whatever \\ no matter what you do , you should always do it well .
Wherever \\ no matter where you go, I will always follow you .
Whenever \\ no matter you arrive in Beijing , please call me .
13. suggest 动词,“ 提议,建议”
(1 ) suggest to sb. 向某人提出建议
What did you suggest to the manager ?
(2 ) suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
I suggested going home at once .
(3) suggest + that 从句
I suggested that we should leave early for the station .
14. luck 名词, “ 运气, 好运, 幸运”
Good luck to you . 祝你好运.
by good luck 幸亏, 侥幸 try one’s luck 碰碰运气
lucky 形容词, “ 幸运的” a lucky dog 幸运儿
I was lucky enough to catch the last bus .
What a lucky boy !
be lucky to do sth 幸运做某事
I am very lucky to have such a good teacher .
luckily 副词, “ 幸运地, 幸亏, 侥幸 ”
Luckily , I got to the station on time .
15. expect 及物动词,“期望、期待、预料”
(1)expect to do sth. 期待做某事,希望做某事
I expect to be back on Monday .
( 2) expect sb. to do sth . 期望某人做某事
They expect me to work on Saturday .
(3) expect + that 从句 期望、、、、、、;期待、、、、、、。
We expect that it will be sunny tomorrow .
16. taste (1) 系动词,“尝起来、、、、、、”
The fish tastes delicious .
(2)行为动词,“品尝”
She tasted the soup and added some salt .
(3) 名词,“味觉,鉴赏力”
Her taste is keen (敏锐) .
17. stay away from 动词短语,(1) 不吃(某类食品)
The doctor advised him to stay away from fattening food .
(2) 不要靠近,走开,避开
Stay away from me , I’ve got a bad cold .
Teenagers should stay away from drugs .
18. even if ====even though 连词,“即使,纵然”, 引导让步状语从句。
I wouldn’t give up even if I should fail a third time .
I can still remember even though it happened so long ago .
19. shock 动词,“使震惊”
(1) be shocked at sth 对、、、、、、感到震惊
They were shocked at the terrible sight (一幕) .
(2) be shocked to do sth. 惊讶的做某事
All of us were shocked to hear that volunteer was killed in the accident .
20.increase 动词, 增长, 增加
(1) increase by + 倍数或百分数, “ 增加了……倍, 增加了百分之几”
Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times .
The population of this city has increased by 5 percent .
(2) increase to 增加到……
The population of china has increased to 1,3 billion .
21.prefer == like better, “更喜欢,更喜爱”
Which do you prefer , the red one or the blue one ?
(1) prefer sth. 更喜欢某物
I prefer the yellow sweater .
(2) prefer sth. to sth. === like sth better than sth. 喜欢某物胜于某物
I prefer apples to bananas .== I like apples better than bananas .
(3) prefer sb. to do sth. 更喜欢某人做某事
I’d prefer you to drive , if you don’t mind .
(4) prefer doing sth to doing sth === like doing sth batter than doing sth.
喜欢做某事胜于做某事
I prefer swimming to skating.== I like swimming better than skating .
(5) prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
He preferred to die rather than give up .
22. late , 形容词,副词 “迟的,晚的”
She arrived late for the meeting yesterday .
later 副词, “后来,以后”,单独使用,或和一段时间连用。
Later the boy found his mother .
latest 形容词,“最新的,最近的”
Is there any latest news about the Olympic Games ?
This is the latest song .
lately 副词,“最近,近来”
What have you been doing lately ?
recently 近来, 最近
The company has recently bought a new office building .
Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet (节食).
23. suit 动词,“适合”,指物品的式样、颜色风格等适合某人。
Suit sb. fine \\ well 特别适合某人。
I’m afraid Tuesday suits me fine .
fit sb. 指某件东西对某人而言大小、尺寸等合体,不大也不小。
The shoes don’t fit me . can you give me a large pair ?
match 指两件或以上东西放在一起很匀称、协调,或看上去很一致。
----- Why don’t you choose the red tie ?
------ For me , it doesn’t match my shirt very well .
24. be in agreement 意见一致, 其后常跟宾语从句。
We are all in agreement that he is a good chairman .
make an agreement with 与、、、、、、达成协议
They made an agreement with the company last month .
25. over the years == in the last few years 在过去的几年, 近几年
26. get together to do sth 聚集在一起做某事
On Mid-autumn Day , many families get together to eat a big dinner .
27. take ( good ) care of == look after ( well ) == care for 照顾(好)
We should take (good ) care of the old .
We should look after the old (well).
We should care for the old.
二、定语从句
(一)定语从句的含义:
1. 在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.被定语从句修饰的词叫 先行词 ,通常位于定语从句之前。
3.定语从句的 引导词 位于先行词和定语从句的 中间 。 引导词既起
联系作用,又充当从句的一种句子成分。
主要有:(1)关系代词:that, which , who , whom, whose
(2) 关系副词: when, where , why
(二)定语从句的基本结构:先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。
You must do everything that I do .
先行词 引导词 定语从句
I prefer music that has great lyrics .
Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music .
(三) 关系代词引导的定语从句。
先行词 是 指人或物 的名词或代词,关系代词在从句种充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
1.关系代词 who, whom, that 引导的定语从句。
这些词代替的先行词是 表示人 的名词或代词,在句中作主语或宾语。
Is he the man who \\ that wants to see you ? ( who \\ that 作主语 )
He is the man whom\\ that I saw yesterday . ( who \\ that 作宾语 )
2. 关系代词 which, that 引导的定语从句。
这些词代替的先行词是表示 物 的名词或代词,在句中作主语或宾语。
The package which \\ that you are carrying is blue . (which \\ that作宾语)
A plane is a machine which \\ that can fly . ( which \\ that作主语 )
注意:which \\ that \\ whom 作宾语时,可省略。
Have you found the book ( that ) you want ?
This is the man ( whom ) we talked about .
3. 关系代词whose 引导的宾语从句。
Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语;若指物,可以和of which 互换。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down .
Please pass me the book whose \\ of which cover is green .
(四) 关系副词when, where , why 引导的定语从句。
它们代替的先行词 是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,它们在从句中作状语。
关系副词的含义相当于 “ 介词 + which ”结构,可替换使用。
Beijing is the place where \\ in which I was born .
Is this the reason why \\ for which he refused our offer ?
We depend on the land where \\ from which we get our food .
I will never forget the day when \\ on which I joined the army .
(五)关系代词 只用that 不用which 的情况
1. 先行词是指物的不定代词, 如all, much, little, everything, nothing 等。
That’s all that I have seen and heard .
2. 指物的先行词被不定代词all, few, little , much, very, some, no 等修饰; 或被the only , the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰。
This is the very dictionary that is of great help .
3. 先行词 既指人也指物。
My father and his father talked a lot about the things and persons that they could remember .
4. 关系代词在从句中充当表语。
Our school is not the one that it used to be .
5. 指物的先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。
This is the best film that I have ever seen .
6. 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊疑问句,而先行词是指人或物的名词。
Who is the boy that is on the bike ?
Which is the book that I read last night ?
(六) 关系代词只用which( 或 who)的情况
1.关系代词前有介词.
This is the room in which my grandpa lived .
2. 先行词本身就是that .
What’s that which you put on the desk ?
3. 在非限定性定语从句中。
The old man has a son, who studies in America .
(七) 练习 :用适当的关系词填空
1.This is the school ___________ I used to study .
2. I’ll never forget the day ______ we met each other last week .
3. I live in Beijing , ________ is the capital of China .
4. The man _________ our teacher is talking with is very tall .
5. This is the house in __________ Lu Xun lived .
单项选择
1. The man _______ is speaking is my brother .
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
2. A chemist’s shop is a shop _________ sells medicine .
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
3. Is this the doctor _______ you talked about yesterday ?
A. whom B. which C. when D. what
4. Please pass me the box ________ cover is red .
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
5. I will never forget the day ________ I joined the army .
A. when B. where C. that D. which
6. The first English book _______ I read was “ The Prince and the Pauper”
by Mark Twain .
A. which B. that C. who D. when
7. Who is the person _______ is standing at the gate ?
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
8. This is the most interesting book _________ I have read .
A. which B. what C. who D. that
9. We depend on the land from _______ we get our food .
A. which B. that C. who D. when
10. Shanghai is a place __________ I was born .
A. which B. that C. when D. where
练 习
一、改写同义句
1. I like pop music better than classical music .
I ________ pop music _________ classical music .
2. I play the piano and you can sing to the piano .
I play the music and you can sing ________ ________ the piano .
3. How do you like this film ?
_________ do you _______ _____ this film ?
4. The story that he told just now didn’t interest me .
I ______ _______ _______ _______ the story that he told just now .
5. Whatever he says , she will agree with him .
________ ______ _______ he says , she will agree with him .
6. I’m reading a book . the book is about a robbery .
I’m reading a book _______ ________ about a robbery .
7. Do you know of the woman ? the old woman’s son works in Canada .
Do you know of the old woman ________ _______ works in Canada ?
8. Most of the people were Americans. They lost their lives in the terrorist
attacks .( 恐怖袭击)
9. Most of the people________ _______ their lives in the terrorist
attacks .( 恐怖袭击) ________ Americans .
二、单项选择
1. This photo reminds me _______ my English teacher , Miss Green .
A. to B. of C. in D. from
2. I don’t like the pen . I’d like to buy a blue ________ .
A. it B. that C. this D. one
3. I can’t _______ others smoking in my bedroom .
A. see B. listen to C. stand D. sit
4. They did ________ back from Shanghai yesterday .
A. came B. come C. coming D. to come
5. The weather in Beijing is _________ colder than that in Shanghai .
A. more B. very C. quite D. even
6. They didn’t expect __________ in Paris before it was dark .
A. arrive B. to arrive C. arriving D. arrived
7. Do you have the ________ news ?
A. late B. later C. latest D. lating
8. He __________ two books over the two years .
A. has written B. writes C. writing D. wrote
9. They did __________ themselves in the park last Sunday .
A. enjoyed B. enjoying C. enjoy D. to enjoy
10.This film ________ him very much .
A. interests B. interested C. interesting D. interest
11. _________ you do, I won’t be angry .
A. What B. Whatever C. No what matter D. What no matter
12. He prefers _________ to ___________ .
A. doing, speak B. doing, speaking C. do, speak D. do, speaking
13. I preferred ________ rather than _________ .
A. to die, steal B. die, steal C. to die, stealing D. dying, stealing
14. The type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music _____________ .
A. dance to B. danced C. to dance to D. to dance
15. --- What’s the name __________ the new type of seed ?
------ I’ve no idea .
A. by B. of C. to D. with
16. Remind me ________ that letter .
A. to answer B. answering C. answer D. answered
17. What does it remind you ___________ ?
A. for B. of C. at D. to
18. She is known __________ to us .
A. as B. for C. to D. at
19. The problem is difficult . _________ students can work it out .
A. Few B. A few C. Little D. A little
20. There is _________ meat in the icebox , I have to buy some .
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
21.The apples smell __________ and sell __________ .
A. good, good B. good, well C. well , well D. well, good
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I’m _________ ( luck ) to be here for my two—month holiday .
2. Don’t only eat food that __________ ( taste ) good .
3. I love eating ice cream on a hot day . there is nothing _______ (good ).
4.Many _________ ( fisherman ) set off early to fish in the ocean .
5. We like singers who sing the songs __________ ( clear) .
6. We eat __________ ( main ) rice and vegetables .
7.The population __________ ( increase ) in this town since last year .
8. The book __________ ( it ) is very interesting .
