元音（20个）
| 长元音 | /ɑ:/ 啊（长音） | /ɔ:/ 奥（长音） | /ə:/ 额（长音） | /i:/ 一（长音） | /U:/ 屋（长音） | ||
| 短元音 | /ʌ/ 阿 | /ɔ/ 奥 | /ə/ 额 | /ɪ/ 一 | /U:/ 屋 | /e/ 挨 | /æ/ 挨 |
| /eɪ/ 和拼音的“ei”一样 | /aɪ/ 挨 | /ɔɪ/ 外 | |||||
| 双元音 | /ɪə/ 一而 | /eə/ 挨而 | /Uə/ 勿而 | ||||
| /əU/ 欧 | /aU/ 袄 |
| 轻辅音 | /p/ 颇 | /t/ 特 | /k/ 克 | /f/ 佛 | /θ/ 四（咬舌音） | /s/ 四 |
| 浊辅音 | /b/ 伯 | /d/ 得 | /g/ 个 | /v/ 勿 | /ð/ 字（咬舌音） | /z/ 自 |
| 轻辅音 | /ʃ/ 是 | /h/ 和 | /ts/ 差（ci） | /tʃ/ 迟 | /tr/ 缺 | |
| 浊辅音 | /ʒ/ 日 | /r/ 若 | /dz/ 资 | /dʒ/ 之 | /dr/ | |
| 鼻音 | /m/ 呣 | /n/ 呢 | /ŋ/ | |||
| 半元音 | /j/ 也 | / w/ 我 | 边音 | /ǀ/ 了 |
英语音标及字母组合对照
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | |
| a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | 1-01 |
| 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | 1-02 | |
| e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | 1-03 |
| 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | 1-04 | |
| i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 1-05 |
| 在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | 1-06 | |
| o | 在开音节中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no | 1-07 |
| 在闭音节中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | 1-08 | |
| u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 1-09 |
| 在闭音节中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | 1-10 | |
| 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super | 1-11 | |||
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| a | [] | China another woman breakfast | 2-01 |
| [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | 2-02 | |
| e | [] | hundred student open weekend | 2-03 |
| [i] | chicken pocket begin children | 2-04 | |
| i | []/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal | 2-05 |
| [ai] | exercise satellite | 2-06 | |
| o | [] | second tonight somebody welcome | 2-07 |
| [u] | also zero photo | 2-08 | |
| u | [] | autumn diffcult | 2-09 |
| [ju:] | popular congratulation January | 2-10 | |
| 1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate 2 u处在开音节位置， | 2-11 | ||
| 又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue | 2-12 | ||
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
| 元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| a在[w]音后面 | [] | want what watch wash quality | 3-01 |
| a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | 3-02 |
| i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | 3-03 |
| o在-st -ld前 | [ou] | most postcard old cold | 3-04 |
| o在m n v th前 | [] | come monkey love mother | 3-05 |
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ar ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | 4-01 |
| [:] | warm quarter towards | 4-02 | |
| or or在[w]音后面 | [:] | forty morning short | 4-03 |
| [:] | word worker worse | 4-04 | |
| er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday | 4-05 |
| 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry | 4-06 | ||
| -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday | 4-07 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| are | [ε] | care dare hare | 5-01 |
| ere | [i] | here mere | 5-02 |
| ire | [ai] | fire hire wire | 5-03 |
| ore | [:] | more score before | 5-04 |
| ure | [ju] | pure cure | 5-05 |
| are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure | 5-06 | ||
| 重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring | 5-07 | ||
| 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph | 5-08 | ||
| 元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 | |
| ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | 6-01 | |
| air | [ε] | air hair chair pair repair | 6-02 | |
| al al在f m前 | [] | small ball talk wall all | 6-03 | |
| [:l] | always also salt almost | 6-04 | ||
| [α:] | half calm | 6-05 | ||
| au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw | 6-06 | |
| ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | 6-07 | |
| [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | 6-08 | ||
| [ei] | break great | 6-09 | ||
| ear | [i] | hear dear near clear year | 6-10 | |
| [ε] | bear pear wear swear | 6-11 | ||
| [:] | earth learn early | 6-12 | ||
| ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | 6-13 | |
| eer | [i] | pioneer deer beer | 6-14 | |
| ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | 6-15 | |
| [i:] | either key | 6-16 | ||
| eu/ew在 j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | 6-17 | |
| [u:] | flew brew jewelry | 6-18 | ||
| ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | 6-19 |
| oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal | 6-20 | |
| oar/oor | [:] | roar board door floor | 6-21 | |
| oi/oy | [i] | noise point boy toilet | 6-22 | |
| oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | 6-23 | |
| [u] | book look cook foot good | 6-24 | ||
| ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | 6-25 | |
| [ou] | know row throw though | 6-26 | ||
| [] | young country enough | 6-27 | ||
| [u:] | group you soup | 6-28 | ||
| our | [:] | course your four | 6-29 | |
| [au] | our hour ours | 6-30 | ||
| [:] | journey | 6-31 | ||
| ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition | 6-32 | |
| [u:] | juice fruit suit | 6-33 | ||
元音字组
| 或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sunday foreign monkey | 7-01 |
| ow | [ou] | yellow sparrow tomorrow | 7-02 |
| 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee | 7-03 | ||
| -sion -tion | [n] | impression nation | 7-04 |
| -sion在元音字母后 | [n] | vision decision occasion | 7-05 |
| -tion在s后 | [n] | question suggestion | 7-06 |
| -sten | [sn] | listen | 7-07 |
| -stle | [sl] | whistle | 7-08 |
| -sure | [] | pleasure measure | 7-09 |
| -ture | [] | picture culture | 7-10 |
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ]
| blackboard[:] | 8-01 |
| 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[] 碗柜 | 8-02 |
| 辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | 编 号 |
| b | [b] | bike bus bag | 9-01 |
| [/] | bomb tomb | 9-02 | |
| c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | 9-03 |
| [s] | face decide cinema | 9-04 | |
| ch | [] | much chick rich teacher | 9-05 |
| [k] | school headache chemistry | 9-06 | |
| [] | machine Chicago | 9-07 | |
| -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | 9-08 |
| d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | 9-09 |
| -dge | [] | bridge fridge | 9-10 |
| dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | 9-11 |
| f | [f] | five four breakfast | 9-12 |
| g g在e i/y前 | [] | bag gardon go | 9-13 |
| [] | orange large German | 9-14 | |
| gh | [f] | cough enough | 9-15 |
| [/] | light daughter high | 9-16 | |
| gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 | [] | guess league dialogue | 9-17 |
| [w] | language anguish | 9-18 | |
| h | [h] | hot head house hand | 9-19 |
| [/] | hour honest | 9-20 |
| j | [] | jeep jar joke join July | 9-21 |
| k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | 9-22 |
| kn- | [n] | knife know knock | 9-23 |
| l | [l] | life milk school tall | 9-24 |
| m | [m] | monkey come autumn | 9-25 |
| -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn | 9-26 |
| n n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | 9-27 |
| [] | uncle thank hungry | 9-28 | |
| -ng | [] | morning young wrong | 9-29 |
| p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | 9-30 |
| ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | 9-31 |
| q | [k] | Iraq | 9-32 |
| qu- | [kw] | quality quite | 9-33 |
| r | [r] | red rubber ruler | 9-34 |
| s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk | 9-35 |
| [z] | music husband | 9-36 | |
| sc- | [sk] | scarlet | 9-37 |
| [s] | muscle science | 9-38 | |
| sh | [] | she fish shirt wash | 9-39 |
| t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | 9-40 |
| [] | patient nation | 9-41 |
| tch | [] | watch | 9-42 |
| th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method | 9-43 |
| [] | the these with than | 9-44 | |
| [] | clothe father weather | 9-45 | |
| tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | 9-46 |
| v | [v] | very voice love leave | 9-47 |
| w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | 9-48 |
| [/] | answer two | 9-49 | |
| wh- wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | 9-50 |
| [h] | who whose whole | 9-51 | |
| x 在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise | 9-52 |
| [gz] | examle exist exact | 9-53 | |
| wr- | [r] | write | 9-54 |
| y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | 9-55 |
| z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo | 9-56 |
1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组
| 就有几个音节。 | 0-01 |
| 2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er | 0-02 |
| 3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 | 0-03 |
| 4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. | 0-04 |
| 5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup | 0-05 |
| 6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor | 0-06 |
| 7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation | 0-07 |
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