初中英语定语从句详解与练习

【学习目标】1、能辨认出由who, that或which引导的性定语从句，并能理解句子的意思。

2、能够在具体语境中正确使用由who, that或which引导的性定语从句。【学习重点】能辨认出由who, that或which引导的性定语从句。

【学习难点】当who, which或that在定语从句中作动词的宾语时可以省略。

【学习过程】

I课前预习

（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom,)

1、引导定语从句

2、代替先行词

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

【总结】：

一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、等句子成分，且作宾语时可以省略。如：

1. This is the doctor who came from London.

2. The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.

1．如果先行词是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

例如：All that are present burst into tears.

2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which。

例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

3．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。

例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

II 交流展示、教师点拨

i 填入恰当的引导词。

1. The house __________ we live in is very big.

2. The boy __________ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. This is the present ________ he gave me for my birthday.

4. The man __________ talked to you just now is an engineer.

5. He talked about the teachers and schools __________ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world __________ can frighten him.

7. This is the book __________ I borrowed from the library yesterday.

8. We visited a factory __________ we visited last week.

9. Is this the room __________ your father once lived in?

10. I‟ll never forget the man _________ offered to help me.

ii 选择填空。

( )1、-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？-Yes，he…s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

( )2、The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which；is

B. whom；was

C. who；is

D. who；was

( )3、Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now?

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. whose

( )4、This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which

B. what

C. whose

D. whom

( )5、Shaolin Temple ______ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.

A. where

B. which

C. who

D. what

( )6、—Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree? —She is my little sister.

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. which

( ) 7. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday?

A. that

B. when

C. where

( ) 8. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend.

A. when

B. which

C. who

( ) 9. I like writers _______ write short stories.

A. which

B. what

C. whom

D. who

( ) 10. This is the question _______ we are talking about now.

A. that

B. who

C. where

D. when( ) 11. —What are you looking for? —I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday.

A. who

B. which

C. whose

( ) 12. Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to speak with you.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

( ) 13. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics.

A. which

B. who

C. where

D. whom ( ) 14. Even teachers can‟t understand some expressions _______ their students use in da ily life.

A. whose

B. who

C. that

D. whom ( ) 15. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited.

A. who

B. that

C. which

D. about which ( ) 16. We should do all ____ is useful to people.

A. /

B. that

C. it

D. which ( ) 17. Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands.

A. who have

B. who has

C. which have

D. have ( ) 18. The man ____ was a friend of mine.

A. that you just talked to

B. whom you just talked to him

C. who you just talked to him

D. which you just talked to

( ) 19. -Do you know the lady ____ is interviewing our headmaster?

-Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. whose ( ) 20. I‟m one of the boys ____ never later for school.

A. that is

B. who is

C. that

D. of which

iii 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。

1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

III 巩固提高

【2014成都】I like the writers ___________are popular among teenagers.

A. who

B. which

C. whom【2014安顺】Yesterday was my birthday. My friend sent me a CD_________ is made by Han Geng.

A. who

B. what

C. which

D. whom

【2014安顺】"What kind of music do you like, Rosa?" "I love music ______ is quiet and gentle.”

A. that

B. who

C. where

【2014漳州】44. There are some words_______can cross countries and cultures，such

as“OK”．“Huh‟‟and“mama”．

A．what B．which C．／

【2014龙岩】40.The two high school students _______fought bravely against bad persons on the bus in Jiangxi were highly praised.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

【2014黄冈】—In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.

—And another example is F2F ______stands for face to face.

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. it

【2014临沂】After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people________wanted to kill him.

A. whose

B. which

C. /

D. who

【2014河南】“Underground” is the only word in the English language _______ begins and ends

with the letters “und”.

A. what

B. that

C. who

D. whom

【2014鄂州】—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?

—I‟m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people?

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. when

【2014湖北咸宁】—Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (《舌尖上的中国》)?

—Yeah! It‟s the most funny one _______ I have ever seen.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where

【2014达州】—What kind of movies do you like?

—I like movies _______ scary monsters.

A.which has

B. that have

C. what has

D. why have

【2014长沙】The shop _____ sells flowers is at the end of the street.

A. who

B. where

C. which

【2014杭州】I will never forget the day____ we spent in the old town with small houses.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. what

【2014宜宾】Do you know the man_______ saved five people in the fire?

A. who

B. it

C. when

D. whom

【2014呼和浩特】People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.

A. who is

B. which are

C. that is

D. who are

【2014枣庄】He is unlikely to find the school ______ he taught 50 years ago.

A. where

B. when

C. how

D. why

【2014东营】When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York, the people

lived nearby called the police.

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. which

【2014广州】Do you know the man ______ is talking to Miss Wu?

A. he

B. whom

C. who

D. which