
一、英文缩写—写出英文全称 ’=10’
| 缩写 | 全称 | 翻译 |
| IMF | International monetary fund | 国际货币基金组织 |
| OECD | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development | 经济合作与发展组织 |
| AIM | Alternatives Investment Market | 另类投资市场 |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product | 国内生产总值 |
| WTO | World Trade Organization | 世界贸易组织 |
| WWF | World Wildlife Fund | 世界自然基金 |
| ADB | Asian Development Bank | 亚洲开发银行 |
| NYSE | New York Stock Exchange | 纽约证交所 |
| IPO | Initial Public Offering | 首次公开募股 |
| PBOC | People's Bank of China | 中国人民银行 |
| EU | European Union | 欧盟 |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | 石油输出国家组织 |
1)Even if the idea is not unique, you can make a difference in the way you implement it.
2)Don’t underestimate competitors’ ability to catch up and don’t forget bricks-and-mortar companies moving online.
3)If the business relies on building a critical mass of customers.
4)Emerging markets remain vulnerable to financial-market turbulence.
5)The firm is beefing up production of some of its gadgets tenfold this year to quench demand.
6)London’s dramatic renaissance as perhaps the world’s leading financial center has been a well-documented phenomenon in recent years.
7)Like many 5-year-olds, California’s Vycon Corporation is going a growth spurt.
8)AIM’s way of vetting companies is hardly traditional.
9)Many reasons have been proffered to explain Toshiba’s fall from glory.
10)But one thing that cannot be ignored is a crisis of consumer trust that has contributed to the current lackluster performance.
11)The backlash was huge.
12)Chinese manufacturer Lenovo was quick to jump on this by offering better services.
13)They tend to view these goods as guaranteeing superior quality and premium services.
14)Due to deregulation and wider access to the local market than in the past.
15)In the end, it turned out that the problem had nothing to do with quality.
16)But some foreign companies have been slow to raise service levels in accordance with the expansion of their operations.
17)This is why some Chinese firms such as Haier and Lenovo are rapidly eating into their foreign counterparts’ market share.
18)Eventually, these shoddy practices will catch up with foreign firms.
19)US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson has been at pains to ease frictions between the world’s two largest trading partners.
20)Protectionist policies do not work and the collateral damage from these policies is high.
21)They spell out previously unclear procedures for foreign purchases of Chinese companies.
22)China will have no choice but to use whatever methods it has to “recoup that lost share and build up a stable of companies that can be serious competitors on a global scale.”
23)What’s needed is a workable way to implant entrepreneurial thinking inside the corporate walls in such a way that wealth can be created on an ongoing basis.
24)During the 1980s, creating value through financial techniques (junk bonds, leveraged buyouts, financial asset repackaging) was tried.
25)All of these fads had their moment in the sun, but none have been able to extend the corporate life cycle appreciably.
26)Some CEOs have encouraged their organizations to take large short-term risks and then cashed out their options before the long-term problem appear.
27)Many companies have used their own inflated stock to acquire other companies.
28)Many CEOs have more power and influence over their compensation level than they should.
29)They do to growing the business through organic growth or strategic expansion.
30)There is a bias towards promoting those who toe the line which means the status quo becomes entrenched deeply in the business.
31)Particularly in light of the fact CEOs come and go more rapidly these days.
32)Due to the fact most of the work carried out by middle managers is hands on.
33)Managers, by and large, focus on revenue and asset growth.
34)Planning has three main components.
35)In fact, any given manager is likely to be engaged in each of these activities during the course of any given day.
36)They started by assessing the ways in which people actually use the Web.
37)A wide array of information providers specializing in sports….
38)Began to lose some of its luster in the mid-1980s.
39)One of the major reasons for its slide could be treated back to what had once been a major strength.
40)However, problems had become apparent, and no one could quite figure out what was going on.
41)When he took the helm of the troubled carrier in 1994…
42)The IMF puts China’s share in the world economy at 12.7%, well in excess of Japan’s 7.1% share.
43)China’s voracious appetite for imports….
44)….has a profound impact on China’s consumption of industrial materials.
三、问答题 2*5’=10’
1. What can be called a clear value proposition? (Lesson1 P3)
1)What kind of business are you in?
2)What do you provide and how?
3)Who are your target customers?
2. How many basic types of inventories are there? What are they? (Lesson3 P11)
1)The supplies that a firm purchases for use in production are its raw materials inventory.
2)Work in-process inventory consists of goods that have moved partway through the production process.
3)Finished-goods inventory consists of items ready for sale.
3. Nowadays relatively expensive foreign products have become obvious targets for criticism. What are the reasons? (Lesson6 P22)
Local consumer awareness is much higher now. The times have changed, and Chinese shoppers now have higher expectations for quality and service.
4. What are the key challenges facing corporate America at present? (Lesson8 P29)
1)Finding effective ways to renew the corporate spirit and stay vibrant and successful over an extended period of time;
2)Developing better ways link employee compensation with the creation of long-term value;
3)Overcoming internal resistance to change;
4)Generating genuine growth in revenues and profits.
5. What’s the importance of corporate culture? (Lesson8 P31)
1)The culture sets the overall tone for an organization.
2)It specifies which set of values, ethics and experiences will be deemed as desirable for the organization.
3)The culture impacts on the organization’s efficiency in a number of ways, formal and informal.
6. What does the management process include? (Lesson9 P34)
Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling an organization’s financial, physical, human and information resources to achieve its goals.
四、句子翻译 ’=15’
1. Some people think that China’s bulk of growth in recent years has been driven by domestic demand rather than exports.
一些人认为近年来中国的大部分经济增长是由国内需求带来的,而不是出口。
2. China’s largest banks have announced plans in recent months to raise tens of billions of dollars to meet stricter regulatory requirements.
近月来中国的各大银行都已经宣布计划,筹集数百亿美元来满足更严格的监管要求。
3. The problems in China’s housing market are more serve than those in the US before the financial crisis because they combine a potential bubble with the risk of social dissatisfaction, according to an adviser to the Chinese central bank.
中国央行顾问表示,中国住房市场问题比金融危机前的美国更为严重,因为中国的问题结合了潜在的泡沫以及社会不满的风险。
4. More than half of China’s municipal wastewater is discharged without any treatment whatsoever, with about 30 billion tons of raw sewage pumped into lakes, rivers and the sea last year.
中国有一半以上的城市废水在排放时没有经过任何处理,去年约有300亿吨未经处理的废水排放到湖泊、江河和海洋中。
5. Middle managers often focus on finding ways to spread their sphere of influence.
中层管理者往往费尽心思去寻求扩大他们影响范围的途径。
6. Most international hotel groups run extensive training programs in china but still face problems finding and retaining qualified people.
大多数国际酒店集团都在中国实施了大规模培训计划,但是在招聘、挽留合适人才方面仍然困难重重。
7. The government is keen to improve air quality in china’s rapidly expanding cities, and eager to reduce oil imports.
中国城市快速发展,迫切希望改善空气质量和减少是有进口.
8. The market leader is frequently able to lead other firms in the introduction of new products, in price changes, in the level or intensity of promotions, and so on.
市场领导者再引进新产品、调整价格、促销活动等方面能够领导其他企业。
9. International trade is a relatively conservative approach that can be used by firms to penetrate markets (by exporting) or to obtain supplies at a low cost (by importing). 国际贸易是一种相对保守的方式,公司可用这种方式来渗透市场(通过出口)或以低成本获得供应(通过进口)。
There is minimal risk to this approach, since the firm does not place any of its capital at risk.这种方式的风险最低,因为公司不冒任何资本风险。
If the firm experiences a decline in its exporting or importing, it can normally reduce or discontinue this part of its business a low cost.如果公司的出口或进口减少,它通常可以以低成本减少或停止这部分贸易。
10. A region is a sort of cultural iceberg with two components: surface culture (fads, style, food, etc.) and deep culture (attitudes, beliefs, values).一个地区是一种文化冰山,有两个组成部分:表层文化(时尚、风格、食物等)和深层文化(态度、信念、价值观)。
Less than 15 percent of a region’s culture is visible, and strangers to the culture must look below the surface.不到15%的区域文化时可见的,因此不熟悉这种文化的人就必须看到表层以下的文化。
五、段落翻译 ’=15’
Lesson 6 P22
1.This kind of corporate indifference could be ignored in the early days when multinationals were first starting to pour into the Chinese market. But local consumer awareness is much higher now. The times have changed, and Chinese shoppers now have higher expectations for quality and service.
这类企业的冷漠在早期,也就是公司刚开始进入中国市场时,可能会被忽视。但现在当地的消费者意识很高。时代变了,中国消费者现在对质量和服务有更高的期望。
2.This is why relatively expensive foreign products have become obvious targets for criticism. Unfortunately, a lot of multinationals have yet to come to terms with this harsh reality. Many foreign firms have been aggressively expanding their operations in China over the past several years,due to deregulation and wider access to the local market than in the past.Despite these developments, however, general levels of service have yet to improve accordingly.
这就是为什么相对昂贵的外国产品已成为批评的明显目标。不幸的是,许多企业还没有向这个残酷的现实妥协。在过去几年里,许多外国公司一直在积极扩大在中国的业务,这是因为解除管制和与过去相比更广泛地进入当地市场。尽管有这些发展,但是,一般的服务水平还没有相应地提高。
3.Middle managers often focus on finding ways to spread their sphere of influence. Therefore, when a new growth initiative comes along, the criteria by which many middle managers will judge it is whether or not it will extend their sphere of influence. Or alternatively, a middle manager may view a new growth venture as a dumping ground to allocate costs so as to make their own department budgets look better. Either of these approaches can place a huge burden on a new business venture and point to the fact that often the best approach to generating new growth is to do so through independent business units rather than trying to overcome the resistance offered by middle managers.
中层管理人员费尽心思寻找扩大他们影响力范围的方法。因此,当一个新的增长计划出现时,很多中层管理人员用来评判这个计划的标准是能否扩大他们的势力范围。或者中层人员很可能把新计划看成可以分配成本的场所,以使他们自己部门的预算好看点。这些方法中的任何一个都会给新的商业投资带来巨大的负担,所以促进新增长的最好方法是通过的商业机构来扩大势力范围,而不是尝试战胜来自中层管理者的阻力。
4.That attack is now under way. China’s campaign of policy restraint was initiated last fall, with an increase in reserve requirements on bank deposits from 6% to 7% announced in late August and made effective in late September. That measure apparently didn’t work in arresting the rapid growth of the real economy. And so Premier Wen has been quite direct in warning that further forceful measures were being prepared to stem the excesses of bank lending. True to his word, the People’s Bank of China unveiled a second tightening in late March and then a third action in early April. A failure to arrest the excesses of an overheated economy is perceived to be a recipe for the dreaded hard landing. China cannot afford such a dire outcome. It would have serious implications for unemployment and nonperforming bank loans, thereby undermining the very reforms that are at the heart of the China miracle. The verdict is clear: the Chinese leadership now senses a new urgency in bringing its economy under control. The latest monetary tightening measures should be viewed as warning signs of more such initiatives to come.
反击正在展开。中国的控制出台于去年秋天,八月底宣布银行存款准备金要求从6%提高至7%,这一在九月底生效。这一明显没有控制住经济的加速增长,所以温总理直接警告将会采取更多的强制性措施来控制过度的银行贷款。正如他所说,中国人民银行在三月底公布了第二次紧缩,接着在8月初开展了第三次紧缩。如果未能阻止经济过热发展,会导致其为令人畏惧的硬着陆提供条件。中国承担不了这个可怕的后果。这会严重影响失业率和不良银行贷款,由此会破坏关乎中国核心利益的改革。这一决策是明确的:中国领导人目前已经感到控制经济发展的新的紧迫感。最近的货币紧缩措施预警着更多新议案将会出台。
六、阅读理解 ’=10’
