
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由be+过去分词构成, be 随时态的变化而变化。 以 do 为例,
各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时
2 ) has /have been done 现在完成时
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
4) was/were done 一般过去时
5) had been done 过去完成时
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
8) should/would be done 过去将来时
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be+过去分词。
例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然
保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother
for his birthday.
3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式
作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to 。
例 Someonesaw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要
把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 ( 一般时态与完成时态 ) 。
例 I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语 )。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer .
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可
以用于句型“ It + be+过去分词+ that 从句”或“主语+ be+过去分词+ to do st h. ”。有:
It is said that ⋯ 据说,It is reported that ⋯ 据报道, It is believed that ⋯ 大家相信, It is hoped
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高中英语被动语态
that ⋯ 大家希望, It is well known that ⋯ 众所周知, It is thought that ⋯ 大家认为, It is suggested that ⋯
据建议。
例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (= The boy is said to have passed the
national exam. )
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如 break , catch ,clean , drive , lock ,open, sell ,read ,write ,wash 等,当它
们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 , 主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较: The door won't lock . (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked . (指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词与短语,如: happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come
about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表
结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在 need,want ,require, bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定
式的被动形式。
例 The house needs repairing (to be repaired ).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而 worthy 后面跟动词不
定式的被动形式。
例 The picture-book is well worth reading .(= The picture-book is very worthy to be read .)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关
系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon . (to do 与 things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主谓关系。 )
试比较: I ’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语
态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者。 )
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾
语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 这些形容词有 nice ,easy,fit ,hard ,difficult ,important ,
impossible ,pleasant ,interesting 等。
例 This problem is difficult to work out . (可看作 to work out 省略了 for me ).
5. 在 too ⋯ to ⋯ 结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在 th ere be⋯ 句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形
式作定语,重点在物。
例 There is no time to lose (to be lost ).( 用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ;用 to be lost ,谁lost
time 不明确。)
7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动 , 被动表被动。然而 , 由于古英语的影响, 下列动词
rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词 in, on, under 等+ 名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用, 含被动之义, 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式, 名词前
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高中英语被动语态
一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词 ”结构,表示 “某事在进行中 ”。常见的有: under control (受控制) , under treatment (在治
疗中) , under repair (在修理中) , under discussion (在讨论中) , under construction (在施工中) 。
例 The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2.“beyond+名词 ”结构,“出乎 ⋯ ⋯胜过⋯ ⋯ 、范围、限度 ”。常见的有:beyond belief ( 令人难以置信),beyond
one ’ s reac(h鞭长莫及) ,beyond one ’ s con(tro无l 法控制) ,beyond our hope . 我们的成功始料不及。
例 The rumour is beyond belief (=ca n’t be believed).
3. “above+名词”结构 , 表示“品( 质、行为、能力等 ) 超过 ⋯ ⋯ 、高于 ⋯ ⋯ ”。
例 His honest character is above all praise .=His honest character cannot be praised enough .
4.“for+名
词”结构,表示 “适于 ⋯ ⋯ 、 为着⋯ ⋯ ”。如: for sale( 出售), for rent (出租)等。
例 That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5.“in+名词 ”结构 ,表示 “在⋯ ⋯ 过程中或范围内 ”常见的有: in print (在印刷中) ,in sight( 在视野范围内 ),
等。
例 The book is not yet in print .(=is not yet printed)
6.“on+名词”结构 , 表示 “在从事 ⋯ ⋯ 中 ”。常见的有: on sale( 出售),on show (展出) , on trial (受审)。
例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7.“out of+名词 ”结构 ; 表示 “超出 ⋯ ⋯ 之外 “,常见的有: out of control ( 控制不了 ),out of sight (超
出视线之外) ,out of one ’s reach够( 不着), out of fashion( 不流行 )等。
例 The plane was out of control (can ’t be controlled.) 。
8.“within+名词 ”结构, “在⋯ ⋯ 内、不超过 ⋯ ⋯ ”。
例 He took two days off within the teacher's permission .
七、被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作; 作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时, be 后
面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。
例 The glass is broken . (系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy . (被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。
例 The door is locked . (系表结构)
The door hasalready/just been locked .(被动语态)
3.被动语态除用于一般时态与完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一
般时态与完成时态。
例 The machine is being repaired .
八、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1 . 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar . (NMET1993)
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
2). This is Ted ’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991)
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. (上海春 2003 )
A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
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高中英语被动语态
5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.
A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked
2 .高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时 , 须用被动式。 弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受
关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。
1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
2). While shopping, people sometimes can ’ t help ___ into buying something they don ’ t rea
A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
3). I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. (上海 2002 )
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
【强化训练】
1. If city noises ____ from increasing ,people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner .
A. are not kept ;will have to B. are not kept ;have
C. do not keep ;will have to D. do not keep ;have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off .
--- Yes ,it all depends on the weather .
A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material?
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese .
A. write B.to write C. to be written D. written
13. I have no more letters ____ ,thank you .
A. to type B . typing C. to be typed D. typed
14. Take care! Don ’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’twash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn ’t washed out D. isn ’t washing out
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高中英语被动语态
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book?
--- Oh, excellent. It ’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn ’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
专题训练
1.Our house_____,
A . is getting paint B . is getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint
2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_____his friend .
A . was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by
3.The war_____in 1937
A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out
4.The mistakes in the exercises will_____the teacher.
A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by
5.My brother and I have __________her birthday party.
A . been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D . been invited to
6.It_______this way A . is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D . has to do
7.It__this way. A used to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is used to doing
8._____Chaplin.
A . The child's name was called B . The child's name calls C . The child calls D . The child is named
9.The sports meeting____ . A . is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D . puts off
10.Mary realized she_________
A . was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun of D . was being made fun
11.______to say a thing in that way
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高中英语被动语态
A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong C . It is considered it's wrong D . It is consiedring wrong
12.He ordered that the books_______at once.
A . would be printed B . would print C . be printed D . print
13.The story______in ChinA .
A . was taken place B . was happened C . took place D . has been taken place
14.The house_____my parents
A . is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is belonged to
15.He_______by his teacher.
A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was happened to be seen
16.Great changes_____in our province.Many tall buildings.
A . have been taken place, have been set up
B . have taken place, have been set up
C . have been taken place, have been set up
D . were taken place, were set up
17.The hall's____but it's not yet____with lamps.
A . furnished, finished B . been finished, been furnished
C . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full
18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._____from here?
A . Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see
19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_____.
A . had already taken off B . already took off
C . was already taking off D . was already taken off
20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_________.
A . have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuilding
C . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now
21. If city noises ____ from increasing ,people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner.
A . are not kept ;will have to B . are not kept;have
C . do not keep;will have to D . do not keep;have to
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高中英语被动语态
22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A . developed B . have developed
C . are being developed D . will have been developed
23. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off .
--- Yes ,it all depends on the weather .
A . I've been told B . I've told C . I'm told D . I told
24. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A . has completed B . completes C . has been completed D . is completed
25. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from
the earth in the near future.
A . cut B . are cut C . are being cut D . had been cut
26. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A . has been designed B . had been designed C . was designed D . would be designed
27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A . breaks B . has broken C . was broken D . had been broken
28. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A . have been taken place; have been set up
B . have taken place; have been set up
C . have taken place; have set up
D . were taken place; were set up
29. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A . had costed B . costed C . is costed D . cost
30. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What's the pretty small house that __ for?
A . is being built B . has been built C . is built D . is building
31.--- Do you like the material?
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is felt
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高中英语被动语态
32. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese .
A . write B . to write C . to be written D . written
33. I have no more letters ____ ,thank you.
A . to type B . typing C . to be typed D . typed
34. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A . won't wash out B . won't be washed out C . isn't washed out D . isn't washing out
35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A . be put up B . give in C . be turned on D . go out
36. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A . belongs B . are belonged to C . belongs to D . belong to
37. --- What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time.
A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read
38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A . catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catch
39. This page needed ___ again.
A . being checked B . checked C . to check D . to be checked
40. ___ many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises
A . Having taught B . Having been taught C . taught D . Teaching
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高中英语被动语态
八、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1 . 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1.解析 B 因为 serve 是及物动词,其动作承受者 tea 作主语,表经常发生的情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2.解析 C Ted 是 kill 的承受者,用被动语态,且 Ted 救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.解析 A “ house与”“ paint应该”是被动的关系,排除 B,D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆,所以要用
现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除 C。
4.解析 D decide 是及物动词, 动作的发出者通常是人, 句中的主语是动作的承受者, 所以 decide 要用被动语态。
从题干的语境与关键词 yet,可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
5.解析 B 句中 tickets 是 book( 订票)的承受者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在 entered the office
这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
2.高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
1.解析 B 根据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作, 应使用不定式, 故排除掉 C、D 两项;又因 remains
的逻辑主语 it 是动词 see 说表示动作的承受者,即 “到国外旅行 ”这件事,这件事有待于 “被决定 ”,应使用动词不
定式的被动形式。
2.解析 C can ’ t help doing禁不住做“某事 ”,排除 A 与 D;顾客应是 “被劝说 ”购物的,要用动名词的被动语态。
3.解析 A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型,在 be to do 结构中,在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态,
如 to blame , to let 等。
【强化训练】
key 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA 11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
专题训练
Keys
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 C
11 B 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 B 17 B 18 B 19 A 20 C
21 A 22 C 23 A 24 D 25 C 26 B 27 C 28 B 29 D 30 A
31 C 32 B 33 C 34 A 35 D 36 D 37 C 38 C 39 D 40 B
9
