英国文学试题加答案

Part One: J udge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (15×1’ = 15’)

1.Linguistics studies not any particular language, but languages in general.

2. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.

3.Language is culturally transmitted while animal call systems are genetically

transmitted.

4.Language is a simple entity with multiple layers and facets.

5.The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articulation and

place of articulation.

6.Morphology and syntax study the same aspect of language.

7.Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with

other words to form grammatical sentences.

8.Language is entirely arbitrary.

9.Major lexical categories are open categories.

10.Of the three branches of phonetics, acoustic phonetics is the longest established,

and until recently the most highly developed.

11.Meaning is central to the study of communication.

12.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.

13.Complete synonyms are rare in language.

14.The structure of words is not governed by rules.

15. The violations of the maxims make our language indirect.

Part two: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four

choices best completes the statement. (30×1’= 30’)

16.A scientific study of language is based on the _____ investigation of language

data.

A. symbolic

B. systemic

C. systematic

D. system

17. A linguistic theory is constructed about what _____ is and how it works.

A. langue

B. linguist

C. language

D. learning

18. The study of language as a whole is often called _____ linguistics.

A. particular

B. general

C. ordinary

D. generative

19. Traditional grammar regards the _____ form of language as primary, not the

spoken form.

A. oral

B. written

C. writing

D. vocal

20. According to F. de Sausure, ______ refers to the abstract linguistic.A. parole

B. performance

C. langue

D. language

21. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and

______.

A. words

B. sounds

C. objects

D. ideas

22. Language is ______ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of

new signals by its users.

A. instructive

B. constructive

C. intuitive

D. productive

23. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through _____, rather than

by instinct.

A. learning

B. teaching

C. only learning

D. both A and B

24. ______ phonetics looks at the sounds from the hearer’s point of view and studies

how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.

A. Articulatory

B. Auditory

C. Acoustic

D. Oral

25. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _____ sounds.

A. voiceless

B. voiced

C. vowel

D. consonantal

26. _____ [p] is a voiceless bilabial.

A. affricate

B. fricative

C. stop

D. liquid

27. A _____ is not a sound; it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.

A. phoneme

B. phone

C. sound

D. speech

28. The word “boyish” contains two _____.

A. phonemes

B. morphs

C. morphemes

D. allomorphs

29. ______ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be

combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

30. ______ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of

speech of the original word.

A. Prefixes

B. Suffixes

C. Roots

D. Affixes

31. A sentence is considered ______ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge

in the mind of native speakers.

A. right

B. wrong

C. grammatical

D. ungrammatical

32. The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.

A. large

B. small

C. finite

D. infinite

33. In the study of meaning, the _____ are interested in understanding the relations

between linguistic expressions and what they refer to in the real world.

A. linguists

B. philosophers

C. psychologists

D. phoneticians

34. Sence and reference are two related _____ different aspects of meaning.

A. but

B. and

C. or

D. as well as

35. ______ means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world.

A. Sense

B. Reference

C. Meaning

D. Semantics36. Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used in different ______ dialects.

A. Personal

B. regional

C. social

D. professional

37. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.

A. word

B. lexical item

C. superordinate

D. hyponymy

38. Words that are opposite in meaning are ______.

A. synonyms

B. hyponyms

C. antonyms

D. homophones

39. Once the notion of _____ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled into

pragmatics.

A. meaning

B. context

C. form

D. content

40. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of

communication, it becomes ______.

A. a sentence

B. an act

C. a unit

D. an utterance

41. A _____ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.

A. semantic

B. syntactic

C. pragmatic

D. grammatical

42. _____ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.

A. Speaking

B. Speech

C. Sound

D. Spoken

43. _____ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.

A. A locutionary

B. An illocutionary

C. A perlocutionary

D. A speech

44. All the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their

_____ form.

A. syntactic

B. semantic

C. grammatical

D. pragmatic

45. The Cooperative Principle is proposed by ______.

A. John Searle

B. John Austin

C. Paul Grice

D. John Lyons

Part three: Give the Chinese meaning of the following English terms.

(10×1’=10)

46. design feature 47. duality 48. connotation 49. stem

50. corticulation 51. speech community 52. prescriptive study

53. macrolinguistics 54. metalanguage 55. utterance

Part four: Define the following terms. (10×2’=20’)

56. linguistics 57. allophone 58. blending 59. assimilation

60. denotation 61. displacement 62. diachronic 63. root

. illocutionary act 65. paradigmatic relation

Part five: Answer the following questions. (3×5’=15’)

66.How does the Semantic Triangle illustrate meaning? Please draw it and explain it

with example.67.Please draw the tree diagram of the following sentence?

The man hit the colorful ball.

68.What is the difference between narrow transcription and broad transcription?

Answers

Part one (每小题1分，共15分)

1-5 TFTFT 6-10 FTFTF 11-15 TFTFT

Part two（每小题1分，共30分）

16-20 CCBBC 21-25 BDDBA 26-30 CACBA

31-35 CCBAB 36-40 BCCBD 41-45 CBCAC

Part three （每小题1分，共10分）

46. 结构特征47. 二重性48. 内涵49. 词干50. 协同发音51. 言语社团52.规定性研究53. 宏观语言学54. 元语言55.话语Part four （每小题2分，共20分）

56. Linguistics: is generally defined as the scientific study of language.

57. Allophone: the different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.

58. Blending: a relatively complex from of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.

59. Assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence.

60. Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world.

61. Displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present in time and space, at the moment of communication.

62. Diachronic: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history.

63. Root: the base form of a word that can’t further be analyzed without total loss of identity.

. Illocutionary act: the act performed in saying something; its force is identical with the speaker’s intention.

65. Paradigmatic relation: a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and theothers absent.

Part five (每小题5分，共15分)

66/67略68. The use of a simple set of symbols in our transcription is a broad transcription; the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as a narrow transcription.

试题及答案2

I、Multiple Choice. (40%)

There are 15 questions in this part. Choose A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet.

A 1. Beowulf is a ___ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal

society.

A. pagan

B. Christain

C. romantic

D. lyric

B 2.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a

comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a

whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely___.

A. William Langland’s Piers the Plowman

B. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales

C. John Gower’s Confessio Amantis

D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

C 3. In “ Sonnet 18 ” ，Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the

destructive power of __C___ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .

A. death/ life

B. time / beauty

C. death/ love

D. hate / love

C. 4. Which of the following poetic forms is the principle form of Shakespeare’s

drama?

A. lyric

B. sonnet

C. blank verse

D. quatrain

C 5. Which of the following statements best illustrate the theme of

Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?

A. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature.

B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.

C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.

D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.

A 6. Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels?

A. Lilliput

B. Brobdingnag

C. Laputa

D. Houyhnhnms

B 7. Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe?

A.It is written in the autobiographical form.

B.It is a record of Defoe’s own experiences.

C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.D.It is set in the middle of the 17th century.

B.8.Many of Burn s’ songs deal with friendship.____ has long become a

universal parting-song of all the English speaking countries.

A. A Red, Red Rose

B. Auld Lang Syne

C. My Heart’s in the Highlands

D. John Anderson, My Jo

A 9.The Tiger was written by___.

A. William Blake

B. John Keats

C. William Wordsworth

D. Percy Shelley

B 10.“One short sleep past, we wake eternally” is taken from___

A. The Solitary Reaper

B. Death be not proud

C. To Autumn

D. Song to the Man of England

A 11. _____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.

A. Thomas North

B. Thomas Wyatt

C. George Chapman

D. John Florio

C 12. _____is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.

A.Romeo and Juliet

B. The Comedy of Errors

C. Hamlet

D. The Tempest

C 13. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics

and the later sacred verses.

A.John Milton

B. John Bunyan

C. John Donne

D. John Dryden

D 14. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ .

What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.

A. romanticism

B. classicism

C. realism

D. Sentimentalism

D 15. Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith?

____.

A. The Traveller

B. The Deserted Village

C. The Vicar of Wakefield

D. The School for Scandal

A 16.In the 18th century English literature ，the representative writer of

neo-classicism is _A___ .

A. Pope

B. Swift

C. Defoe

D. Milton

B 17.The __B_ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western

Europe in the 18th century .

A. Renaissance

B. Enlightenment

C. Religious Reformation

D. Chartist Movement

B18. Blake ，Wordsworth ，__B__ ，Byron ，Shelley and _________ are the major Romantic poets .

A. Coleridage / Southey

B. Coleridge / Keats

C. Keats / Scott

D. Scott / Coleridge

B 19. The Canterbury Tales was written in_____

A. Old English

B. Middle English

C. Modern English

D. Current Modern English

A 20. “The father of English poetry” is _____.

A. Geoffrey Chaocer

B. Edmund Spenser

C. Francis Bacon D Henry Fielding

II. Fill in the Blanks in the following summary statement

according to what you have learnt of British history and

literature. (20%)

1. Chaucer employed the_ Heroic _couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury tales.

2. Shakespeare ’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categories according to dramatic type: histories, _ comedies _, tragedies and romances.

3. A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three quatrains and a concluding_ couplet .

4. John Donne is the founder of the school of_ metaphysical poetry _. His works are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.

5. John Milton ’s Paradise Lost opens with the description of a meeting among the

fallen angels, and ends with the departure of Adam and _ Eve _from the Garden of Eden.

6. Othello,__ Hamlet _ , Kinglear, and Macbeth are the four greatest tragedies of William Shakespeare.

7. Literature can be divided into poetry, fiction/novel and_ Drama ______.

8. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele jointly created _ The Spectator __.

9. _ Odes __are generally regarded as Keats ’ most important and mature works.

10. The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is written by

the following literary terms in your own words. 1．Ballad: A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung.

2．Tragedy : A literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end.

3．Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually written in iambic pentameter.

4．Sentimentalism: A sentimental expression or idea.

四. Short Answers Read the materials first ， and then answer the questions

according to the requirements .Remember you should write your answers correctly ，completely and briefly (20%)

“Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.”

Questions:

1） What kind of rhetorical devices does the sentence used?

Analogy (类比)

2） Please translate this sentence.

读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善变。

3） From which essay does the above sentence come, what is the essay mainly about?

The sentences are from “Of Studies” (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human

4）Through reading the sentences, can you infer the writing style of the author, and what it is?

Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulness. Yet there is an obvious stylistic change in the essay. The sentences in the first edition are charged and crowed with symmetries. They are composed in a rather affected way. However, the final edition, not only enlarge the theme , but also brings forth the looser and more persuasive style. The essays are well-arranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.

以上题目共90分