
主备人:陈红霞 校对:高二英语组
助动词
一.教学目标1.The students will know about some basic information about auxiliary verbs (words used as auxiliary verbs; function of auxiliary verbs
2.The students will be able to summarize usages of common and important auxiliary verbs
二. 精讲点拨
1. 【定义】协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。
2. 【功能】 助动词协助主要动词用来:
a. 表示时态 b. 表示语态 c. 构成疑问句
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句 e. 加强语气
3.【最常用的助动词】
be(am/is/are/was/were/been)
do(does/did)
have (has/had)
modals(shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare )
A phrasal auxiliary verb(have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather (… than)/cannot (help) but/be (not)
to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to)
分类讲解:
1. be(am/is/are/was/were/been)
1) be作为本动词表示状态或客观存在等意思。
2) be+不定词连用, 表示约定、义务、命令等未来的动作或状态。
3) be+现在分词构成各种进行时态。
4) be+过去分词构成被动语态。
5) be用于have/has/had后构成完成时。
2. do(does/did)
1) do作为助动词时的时态、人称和数的变化有do, does, did三种形式。
2) do+主词+原形动词构成疑问句。
3) do + not + 原形动词构成否定句。
4) do(+not)+主词用于附带问句。
5) do +原形动词用于加强语气句。
6) Never (Only) 等+do+主词+原形动词用于倒装句
3. have(has/had)
1) 助动词have+过去分词构成完成时态。
2) have +受词+过去分词表示请或让别人做某事。
3) have +受词+原形不定词表示请或让某人做某事。
4. modals(shall/should/will/would/can/ could/may/might/must/need/dare)
1) shall表示发言者的意志,包括诺言、决心、强制等;shall用于询问对方的意向。
2) should表示义务,责任等。
3) will用于第二人称疑问句中,询问对方意志或请求。will+原形动词用于所有人称,表意愿。would +原形动词表示
过去一段时间的习惯。
4) can,could在口语中相当于may、might,表示许可。Can,could表示能力,相当于be able to。Can,could表
示怀疑、推测,一般用于疑问句或否定句。Can,could用于惯用语。Can’t help或couldn’t help+动名词表示不得
不、忍不住。
5) must表示必须、义务等,强调主观因素。need可以对must引导的一般疑问句作否定回答。must的否定式表示
不准,禁止等意思。must+have+过去分词表示对过去情况的推断。must+原形动词表示对现在情况的推断。
Needn’t+have+过去分词表示过去不必做却已经做了的事。
6) dare作为情态助动词,一般只能用于疑问句或否定句中。
5. A phrasal auxiliary verb(have (got) to, had better/would sooner/rather (… than)/cannot (help) but/be (not)
to/be supposed to/ought to/used to/be about to/be able to/be due to/be going to/be likely to/be meant to/be
willing to/seem to/be unable to/be unwilling to …).
would rather… 表示宁愿做某事 could not (help) … but …只能做某事
are supposed to … 应该做某事 used to … 表示过去常常做某事
be about to … 正要做某事 be able to … 能做某事
be due to … 到期做某事 be going to … 打算做某事
be likely to … 很有可能做某事 be meant to … 打算做某事
be willing to … 乐意做某事 seem to … 好像要做某事
be unable to … 不能做某事 be unwilling to … 不愿意做某事
have to … 强调客观因素
【巩固练习】
一、单项选择。
1. So far this year we ____________ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
2. The moment I got home, I found I ____________ my jacket on the playground.
A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving
3. —Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ___________ invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
4. Though we don’t know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic____________ .
A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed
5. Teenagers ____________ their health because they play computer games too much.
A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage
6. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He ____________ for it for months.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing
7. The telephone ____________ , but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.
A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung
8. By the time he realizes he ____________ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
9. If their marketing plans succeed, they____________ their sales by 20 percent.
A. will increase B. have been increasing
C. have increased D. would be increasing
10. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we___________ each other for years.
A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know
11. —Have you got any job offers?
—No. I ____________ .
A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting
12. —Do you think we should accept that offer?
—Yes, we should, for we____________ such bad luck up till now, and time_______ out.
A. have had; is running B. had; is running
C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run
13. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________ in many worse hotels.
A .was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
14. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes, I did. You know, my brother __________ in the match.
A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played
15. Population experts predict that most people ____________ in cities in the near future.
A. live B. would live C. will live D. have lived
16. He ____________ as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.
A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded
17. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ________ to arrive.
A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected
18. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ____________when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted
C. having promoted D. to be promoted
19. —Do you have any problems if you __________ this job?
—Well, I’m thinking about the salary…
A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered
20. No decision ____________ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made
21. I like these English songs and they ___________many times on the radio.
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
22. In recent years many football clubs ____________ as business to make a profit.
A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run
23. When I was young, I was told that I ____________ play with matches.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t
24. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip, she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
25. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it____________ be rather cold sometime.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
26. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ________ find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
27. —What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
—Well, it ____________ be big—that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
28. She ____________ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
29. —I can’t find my purse anywhere.
—You ____________ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
30. Although this ___________ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
31. Peter ____________ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
32. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____________ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
33. You____________ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
34. —I’m sorry. I ____________ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
35. When I was young, I was told that I ____________ play with matches.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t
36. According to the air traffic rules, you____________ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may B. can C. would D. should
二、用括号内所给词组翻译下列各句。
1. 你最好先问你的医生。(had better)
2. 我们宁愿做出自己的决定。(would rather )
3. 我不禁问一句:“你热爱生命吗?”(cannot (help) but)
【语法答案解析】
一、单项选择
1-5 DADDB 6-10 DBCAC 11-15 DADBC 16-20 BABCA
21-25 DBCDB 26-30 CBAAB 31-35 CBBBCD
二、用括号内所给词组翻译下列各句。
1. You had better ask your doctor first.
2. We would rather make our own decisions
3. I can not help but ask: “Do you love life?”
4. They are supposed to get there before dark.
5. Four-star hotels aren't what they used to be.
6. We were about to set out when the doorbell rang.
7. Representatives from both sides are due to meet Sunday.
8. These are not meant to be realistic, but they’ll give you the idea.
