MySQLEXPLAINSQL输出信息描述_MySQL
            
                    来源:动视网
                                        责编:小采
                                        时间:2020-11-09 20:07:39
                    
            
            
                         
                
                
                    MySQLEXPLAINSQL输出信息描述_MySQL
                    MySQLEXPLAINSQL输出信息描述_MySQL: EXPLAIN语句能够被用于获取一些关于SQL执行时的相关信息,比如表的连接顺序,对表的方式方式等等。通过对该相关信息进行进一步的分析,我们 可以通过对表添加适当的索引,以及优化连接顺序,使用提示等等手段来达到使SQL高效运行的目的。本文描述了EXPL
                    
                 
                
             
                        导读MySQLEXPLAINSQL输出信息描述_MySQL: EXPLAIN语句能够被用于获取一些关于SQL执行时的相关信息,比如表的连接顺序,对表的方式方式等等。通过对该相关信息进行进一步的分析,我们 可以通过对表添加适当的索引,以及优化连接顺序,使用提示等等手段来达到使SQL高效运行的目的。本文描述了EXPL
                        
            

 
 EXPLAIN语句能够被用于获取一些关于SQL执行时的相关信息,比如表的连接顺序,对表的方式方式等等。通过对该相关信息进行进一步的分析,我们
 可以通过对表添加适当的索引,以及优化连接顺序,使用提示等等手段来达到使SQL高效运行的目的。本文描述了EXPLAIN的用法并给出了相关示例。
一、EXPLAIN概述
EXPLAIN 语句主要是用于解析SQL执行计划,通过分析执行计划采取适当的优化方式提高SQL运行的效率。
EXPLAIN 语句
二、EXPLAIN输出列描述
输出列
(root@localhost) [sakila]> explain select sum(amount) from customer a,
 -> payment b where 1=1 and a.customer_id=b.customer_id and
 -> email='JANE.BENNETT@sakilacustomer.org'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
 table: a
 type: ALL
possible_keys: PRIMARY
 key: NULL
 key_len: NULL
 ref: NULL
 rows: 590
 Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
 id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
 table: b
 type: ref
possible_keys: idx_fk_customer_id
 key: idx_fk_customer_id
 key_len: 2
 ref: sakila.a.customer_id
 rows: 14
 Extra: 
1、各列表示的意义
Column Meaning
------ ------------------------------------
id The SELECT identifier 
select_type The SELECT type
table The table for the output row
partitions The matching partitions
type The join type
possible_keys The possible indexes to choose
key index actually chosen
key_len The length of the chosen key
ref The columns compared to the index
rows Estimate of rows to be examined
filtered Percentage of rows filtered by table condition
Extra Additional information
2、各列上的具体描述
id:
 包含一组数字,表示查询中执行select子句或操作表的顺序
 id相同,执行顺序由上至下,否则id值越大(通常子查询会产生)优先级越高,越先被执行
 id如果相同,可以认为是一组,从上往下顺序执行;在所有组中,id值越大,优先级越高,越先执行
select_type: 
 表示查询中每个select子句的类型(简单 OR复杂)
 select_type Value Meaning
 ------------- -----------------------------------------------
 SIMPLE Simple SELECT (not using UNION or subqueries)
 PRIMARY Outermost SELECT 最外层select
 UNION Second or later SELECT statement in a UNION
 DEPENDENT UNION Second or later SELECT statement in a UNION, dependent on outer query
 UNION RESULT Result of a UNION.
 SUBQUERY First SELECT in subquery
 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY First SELECT in subquery, dependent on outer query(通常为相关子查询)
 DERIVED Derived table SELECT (subquery in FROM clause)
 MATERIALIZED Materialized subquery
 UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY A subquery for which the result cannot be cached and must be reevaluated
 for each row of the outer query
 UNCACHEABLE UNION The second or later select in a UNION that belongs to an uncacheable
 subquery (see UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY) 
table: 
 从哪个表(表名)上
三、使用EXPLAIN EXTENDED 示例
(root@localhost) [sakila]> explain extended select * from city where country_id in
 -> ( select country_id from country where country='China') and 1=1 \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
 table: country
 type: ALL
possible_keys: PRIMARY
 key: NULL
 key_len: NULL
 ref: NULL
 rows: 109
 filtered: 100.00
 Extra: Using where
*************************** 2. row ***************************
 id: 1
 select_type: SIMPLE
 table: city
 type: ref
possible_keys: idx_fk_country_id
 key: idx_fk_country_id
 key_len: 2
 ref: sakila.country.country_id
 rows: 1
 filtered: 100.00
 Extra: NULL
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
(root@localhost) [sakila]> show warnings\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
 Level: Note
 Code: 1003
Message: /* select#1 */ select `city`.`city_id` AS `city_id`,`city`.`city` AS `city`,`city`.`country_id` 
AS `country_id`,`city`.`last_update` AS `last_update` from `sakila`.`country` join `sakila`.`city` where
 ((`city`.`country_id` = `country`.`country_id`) and (`country`.`country` = 'China'))
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 从上面的extended使用可以看出,查询中多出了filtered列
-- 其次原来的SQL语句真正在执行的时候被改写,即原来的1=1的条件被去掉
-- 对于复杂的SQL语句我们可以通过该方式获得一个比较清晰的真正被执行的SQL语句
四、EXPLAIN PARTITIONS示例
(root@localhost) [sakila]> CREATE TABLE `actor_part` (
 -> `actor_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 -> `first_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
 -> `last_name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
 -> `last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 -> PRIMARY KEY (`actor_id`),
 -> KEY `idx_actor_last_name` (`last_name`)
 -> ) partition by hash(actor_id) partitions 4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
(root@localhost) [sakila]> insert into actor_part select * from actor;
Query OK, 200 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 200 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
(root@localhost) [sakila]> explain select * from actor_part where actor_id=10; -- 未使用partitions时
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | actor_part | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 2 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(root@localhost) [sakila]> explain partitions select * from actor_part where actor_id=10; -- 使用partitions时
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | actor_part | p2 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 2 | const | 1 | NULL |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 多出了partitions列
    
    
        MySQLEXPLAINSQL输出信息描述_MySQL
        MySQLEXPLAINSQL输出信息描述_MySQL: EXPLAIN语句能够被用于获取一些关于SQL执行时的相关信息,比如表的连接顺序,对表的方式方式等等。通过对该相关信息进行进一步的分析,我们 可以通过对表添加适当的索引,以及优化连接顺序,使用提示等等手段来达到使SQL高效运行的目的。本文描述了EXPL