OracleDatabase物理文件之控制文件

欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛，与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 -- 连接到目标数据库 RMAN connect target /; connected to target database: ORCL （DBID=133719） -- 备份控制文件 RMAN backup current controlfile; Starting backup at 23-FEB-14 using ta

欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛，与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入

　　-- 连接到目标数据库

　　RMAN> connect target /;

　　connected to target database: ORCL （DBID=133719）

　　-- 备份控制文件

　　RMAN> backup current controlfile;

　　Starting backup at 23-FEB-14

　　using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

　　allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile（s） in backup set

　　including current control file in backup set

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-FEB-14

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-FEB-14

　　piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_02_23/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140223T094340_9jlnlfnn_.bkp tag=TAG20140223T094340 comment=NONE

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

　　Finished backup at 23-FEB-14

　　-- 备份数据库及控制文件，数据库需要处于archivelog模式下

　　RMAN> backup database include current controlfile;

　　Starting backup at 23-FEB-14

　　using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

　　allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=142 device type=DISK

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile（s） in backup set

　　input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

　　input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

　　input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

　　input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

　　input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-FEB-14

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-FEB-14

　　piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_02_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140223T095613_9jlo9y7y_.bkp tag=TAG20140223T095613 comment=NONE

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile（s） in backup set

　　including current control file in backup set

　　including current SPFILE in backup set

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-FEB-14

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-FEB-14

　　piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2014_02_23/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20140223T095613_9jlof8l7_.bkp tag=TAG20140223T095613 comment=NONE

　　channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

　　Finished backup at 23-FEB-14

　　-- 查看当前的RMAN 参数设定

　　RMAN> show all;

　　RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:

　　CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1;

　　CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;

　　CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;

　　CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; -- 默认自动备份控制文件为关闭状态

　　CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F';

　　CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;

　　CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1;

　　CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1;

　　CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED;

　　CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF;

　　CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128';

　　CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE;

　　CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE;

　　CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.20.1/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f';

　　-- 设置开启RMAN自动备份控制文件

　　RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

　　old RMAN configuration parameters:

　　CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;

　　new RMAN configuration parameters:

　　CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

　　new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

　　五 控制文件的缺失恢复

　　1.丢失多个控制文件中的一个或多个

　　缺失多个控制文件中的一个或多个，数据库启动时会报ORA-00205错误，导致数据库无法启动，如下：

　　idle>startup

　　ORACLE instance started.

　　Total System Global Area 1050411008 bytes

　　Fixed Size 1341168 bytes

　　Variable Size 1730832 bytes

　　Database Buffers 402653184 bytes

　　Redo Buffers 4685824 bytes

　　ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

　　-- 查看警告日志的位置，一般在数据库参数background_dump_dest指定的目录下

　　idle>show parameter dump

　　NAME TYPE VALUE

　　------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

　　background_core_dump string partial

　　background_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace

　　core_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orc l/orcl/cdump

　　max_dump_file_size string unlimited

　　shadow_core_dump string partial

　　user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orc l/orcl/trace

　　-- 查看警告日志中的错误信息，找不到控制文件

　　[oracle@db trace]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log

　　Sun Feb 23 10:08:13 2014

　　ALTER DATABASE MOUNT

　　ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file

　　ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'

　　ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

　　Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

　　Additional information: 3

　　ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT…

　　Sun Feb 23 10:08:14 2014

　　Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures

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