Python的自动化部署模块Fabric的安装及使用指南

root@10.1.6.200:pshell# apt-get install python-dev (安装Python头文件)
 
root@10.1.6.200:pshell# apt-get install python-setuptools (安装easy_install)
 
root@10.1.6.200:pshell# wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
 
root@10.1.6.200:pshell# python ez_setup.py
 
root@10.1.6.200:pshell# easy_install fabric

Searching for fabric
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/fabric/
Best match: Fabric 1.6.1
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/F/Fabric/Fabric-1.6.1.tar.gz#md5=c318ac3f7011ede0be1ca9a20f435735
Processing Fabric-1.6.1.tar.gz
Running Fabric-1.6.1/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-CVuLrs/Fabric-1.6.1/egg-dist-tmp-ZFNoWY
warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
fabric.version: module references __file__
Adding Fabric 1.6.1 to easy-install.pth file
Installing fab script to /usr/bin
....
Installed /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/pycrypto-2.6-py2.5-linux-x86_64.egg
Finished processing dependencies for fabric

apt-get install python-pip
pip install fabric
apt-get install python-paramiko

root@10.1.6.201:python# cat fabfile4.py 

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from fabric.api import *
 
def printMem():
 cmd_output = run('free -m')
 print cmd_output

root@10.1.6.201:python# fab -H root@10.1.1.45 printMem -f fabfile4.py
[root@10.1.1.45] Executing task 'printMem'
[root@10.1.1.45] run: free -m
[root@10.1.1.45] Login password for 'root': #提示输入密码
[root@10.1.1.45] out: total used free shared buffers cached
[root@10.1.1.45] out: Mem: 1005 968 37 0 36 831
[root@10.1.1.45] out: -/+ buffers/cache: 100 904
[root@10.1.1.45] out: Swap: 1913 0 1913
[root@10.1.1.45] out: 

total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1005 968 37 0 36 831
-/+ buffers/cache: 100 904
Swap: 1913 0 1913
 
Done.
Disconnecting from 10.1.1.45:22000... done.

root@10.1.6.201:python# vim fabfile.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from fabric.api import *
from fabric.context_managers import *
 
env.host_string = '10.1.1.45'
env.port = '22000' #默认端口22,默认登录用户root
env.password='passwd'
 
def test1():
 with cd('/home'):
 run('ls -l')
 
test1()

root@10.1.6.201:python# python fabfile.py #脚本执行

[10.1.1.45] run: ls -l
[10.1.1.45] out: total 8
[10.1.1.45] out: drwxr-xr-x 2 debian debian 4096 2012-08-27 11:54 debian
[10.1.1.45] out: drwxr-xr-x 2 root nogroup 4096 2013-05-22 18:07 ftp
[10.1.1.45] out:

root@10.1.6.201:python# vim fabfile1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from fabric.api import *
from fabric.context_managers import *
 
env.hosts = ['10.1.6.200','10.1.1.45']
env.port = '22000'
env.password='passwd'
 
def test1():
 with cd('/home'): #更改目录
 run('ls -l')

root@10.1.6.201:python# fab test1 -f fabfile.py #使用fab指定任务执行,注意文件后默认跟fabfile.py

[10.1.6.200] Executing task 'test1'
[10.1.6.200] run: ls -l
[10.1.6.200] out: total 24
[10.1.6.200] out: drwxr-xr-x 2 davehe davehe 4096 2013-02-27 10:00 davehe
[10.1.6.200] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1990 2013-02-27 09:55 davehe.tar.gz
[10.1.6.200] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 396 2013-05-17 18:27 rsync_log_130517
[10.1.6.200] out: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7916 2013-05-20 21:04 rsync_log_130520
[10.1.6.200] out: drwxr-xr-x 2 taomee taomee 4096 2013-01-29 04:27 taomee
[10.1.6.200] out: 
 
[10.1.1.45] Executing task 'test1'
[10.1.1.45] run: ls -l
[10.1.1.45] out: total 8
[10.1.1.45] out: drwxr-xr-x 2 debian debian 4096 2012-08-27 11:54 debian
[10.1.1.45] out: drwxr-xr-x 2 root nogroup 4096 2013-05-22 18:07 ftp
[10.1.1.45] out: 
 
 
Done.
Disconnecting from 10.1.1.45:22000... done.
Disconnecting from 10.1.6.200:22000... done.

root@10.1.6.201:python# cat fabfile1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
from fabric.api import *
from fabric.colors import *
from fabric.context_managers import *
 
env.hosts = ['10.1.1.45']
env.port = '22000'
env.password='passwd'
 
def test1():
 print(red("i'm 201"))
 local('ls -l /tmp')
 
def test2():
 print (green("i'm get file 45 to 186"))
 get('/home/ftp/a.txt','/tmp/') #下载
# put('/tmp/','/home/ftp/') #上传
 local('ls -l /tmp') #local运行本地命令
 
 
def final():
 execute(test1)
 execute(test2)

root@10.1.6.201:python# fab final -f fabfile1.py

[10.1.1.45] Executing task 'final'
[10.1.1.45] Executing task 'test1'
i'm 201
[localhost] local: ls -l /tmp
total 31684
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 conf
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 etc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6797 May 13 22:08 init
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32400896 May 13 22:07 initrd.img-3.2.0-4-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 scripts
[10.1.1.45] Executing task 'test2'
i'm get file 45 to 186
[10.1.1.45] download: /tmp/a.txt <- /home/ftp/a.txt
[localhost] local: ls -l /tmp
total 31688
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 May 29 22:29 a.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 conf
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 etc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6797 May 13 22:08 init
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32400896 May 13 22:07 initrd.img-3.2.0-4-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 lib64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 13 22:08 scripts
 
Done.
Disconnecting from 10.1.1.45:22000... done.

from fabric.api import run, roles
 
env.roledefs = {
 'db': ['db1', 'db2'],
 'web': ['web1', 'web2', 'web3'],
}
 
@roles('db')
def migrate():
 # Database stuff here.
 pass
 
@roles('web')
def update():
 # Code updates here.
 pass